Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

22 questions · 27 findings · 3 reviews · Emergency and Critical Care

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No studies found 3 · 11.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 12 · 44.4%Low 9 · 33.3%Moderate 2 · 7.4%High 1 · 3.7%

Early vs late tracheostomy

Has died · critically ill patients

Early probably leads to lower mortality at longest compared with late tracheostomy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98]
7 studies · 1903 participants
Moderate

Early vs late tracheostomy

Ventilator‐free days up to day 28 · critically ill patients

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 335 participants
Moderate

Early vs late tracheostomy

Days of MV during 1 to 60 days · critically ill patients

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 336 participants
Very low

Early vs late tracheostomy

Duration of ICU stay · critically ill patients

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 336 participants
Very low

Early vs late tracheostomy

ICU discharge (at day 28 after randomization) · critically ill patients

Early leads to higher ICU discharge (at day 28 after randomization) compared with late tracheostomy (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [1.08, 1.55]
2 studies · 538 participants
High

Early vs late tracheostomy

Pneumonia · critically ill patients

1 finding from 1 review

Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 948 participants
Very low

Early enteral nutrition vs delayed enteral nutrition

Mortality (measured at 30 days) · critically ill adult patients

It is very uncertain whether early enteral nutrition changes mortality (measured at 30 days) compared with delayed enteral nutrition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.16, 6.38]
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Early enteral nutrition vs delayed enteral nutrition

Infectious complications · critically ill adult patients

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 156 participants
Very low

Early enteral nutrition vs delayed enteral nutrition

Feed intolerance or gastrointestinal complications (as defined by the authors) · critically ill adult patients

It is very uncertain whether early enteral nutrition changes feed intolerance or gastrointestinal complications (as defined by… compared with delayed enteral nutrition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.35, 2.01]
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Early enteral nutrition vs delayed enteral nutrition

Length of hospital stay · critically ill adult patients

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 59 participants
Very low

Early enteral nutrition vs delayed enteral nutrition

Duration of mechanical ventilation · critically ill adult patients

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 125 participants
Very low

Early enteral nutrition vs delayed enteral nutrition

Pneumonia · critically ill adult patients

It is very uncertain whether early enteral nutrition changes pneumonia (as defined by the authors) ( compared with delayed enteral nutrition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.55, 1.06]
4 studies · 192 participants
Very low

Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) vs usual care

Physical function ‐ return to independent functional status at hospital discharge Defined as ability to perform 6 ADLs (bathing, dressing, eating, grooming, transferring from bed to chair, using the toilet) and walk independently, · critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults

Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) may leads to higher physical function ‐ return to independent functional status at… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.71 [1.11, 2.64]
1 study · 104 participants
Low

Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) vs usual care

Physical function · critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults

3 findings from 1 review

Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 104 participants
Low
Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 104 participants
Low
Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 104 participants
Low

Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) vs usual care

Physical performance · critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults

4 findings from 1 review

Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Low
Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Low
Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 184 participants
Low

Show 1 more finding

Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 204 participants
Low

Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) vs usual care

Adverse events Proportion of participants with one or more events, or proportion of intervention sessions where an event occurred (falls, accidental dislodgement of attachments, haemodynamic instability, oxygen desaturation or any other adverse ev... · critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults

1 finding from 1 review

Early intervention (mobilization or active exercise) for critically ill adults in the intensive care unit 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 690 participants
Low

Early enteral nutrition with supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) vs delayed enteral nutrition with SPN

Length of hospital stay · critically ill adult patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Early enteral nutrition with supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) vs delayed enteral nutrition with SPN

Duration of mechanical ventilation · critically ill adult patients

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 27 participants
Very low

Early enteral nutrition with supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) vs delayed enteral nutrition with SPN

Pneumonia · critically ill adult patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Early enteral nutrition with supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) vs delayed enteral nutrition with SPN

Mortality (timing of outcome measurement unclear) · critically ill adult patients

It is very uncertain whether early enteral nutrition with supplemental parenteral nutrition (SPN) changes mortality (timing of outcome measurement unclear) compared with delayed enteral nutrition with SPN (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition (within 48 hours) versus delayed enteral nutrition (after 48 hours) with or without… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.25, 2.18]
1 study · 27 participants
Very low