Instrumental delivery · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)
Early initiation of epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in instrumental delivery compared with late initiation (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of 1st stage of labour · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of second stage (minutes) · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)
1 finding from 1 review
Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)
Early initiation of epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in apgar score <7 at 5 min compared with late initiation (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Umbilical artery pH · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)
1 finding from 1 review
Umblical vein pH · pregnant women (at term) requesting epidural analgesia in labour (regardless of whether the labour was spontaneous or induced)
1 finding from 1 review
Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA
Early paracetamol may leads to lower failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (by… compared with placebo/no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Necrotizing enterocolitis during initial hospital stay (by radiological diagnosis) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Mortality ( · small asymptomatic AAA
Early open repair leads to lower mortality ( compared with ultrasound surveillance (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Costs · small asymptomatic AAA
Early open repair showed no clear difference in costs (per participant) ( compared with ultrasound surveillance (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
QoLc ( · small asymptomatic AAA
1 finding from 1 review
Aneurysm rupture ( · small asymptomatic AAA
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality Mortality at latest · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in mortality at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
BPD (36 weeks' PMA) · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids probably leads to lower BPD (36 weeks' PMA) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to lower mortality or BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gastrointestinal perforation during primary hospitalisation · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to higher gastrointestinal perforation during primary hospitalisation compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cerebral palsy · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to higher cerebral palsy at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death or cerebral palsy · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in mortality or cerebral palsy at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level · Children aged 6 years or younger (preschool children)
Preschool children with ECC had significantly lower serum 25(OH)D than caries-free children (WMD -13.96 nmol/l; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review