Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

335 questions · 350 findings · 37 reviews

No studies found 69 · 19.7%GRADE not reported 45 · 12.9%Very low 92 · 26.3%Low 114 · 32.6%Moderate 30 · 8.6%High 0 · 0%

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive therapy vs supportive therapy

Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Long‐term (events) compared with supportive therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive therapy vs supportive therapy

Satisfaction and acceptability of treatment (medium term) ‐ leaving the study early · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with supportive therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs alternative treatment

Reduction in pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in pain intensity at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs alternative treatment

Mental distress · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower psychological distress at follow-up compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
  • Only 1 study reported adverse events as an outcome (Litt 2010): it found worsening symptoms in 13 people treated with an oral splint (as part of standard treatment) and 4 people treated with CBT.
    1 study · 101 participants
    Very low

CBT vs alternative treatment

Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs alternative treatment

Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in disability caused by pain at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Reduction in pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower pain intensity at follow-up (12 months) compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in pain disability at treatment completion compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review