What do systematic reviews say?

3 questions · 3 findings · 2 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 33.3%Moderate 2 · 66.7%High 0 · 0%

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo or no intervention

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · healthy pregnant women receiving calcium supplementation vs placebo or no treatment

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (a) Birth prior to 37 weeks compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.7, 1.05]
13 studies · 16139 participants
Moderate

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo or no intervention

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · healthy pregnant women receiving calcium supplementation vs placebo or no treatment

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (b) Birth prior to 34 weeks compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.8, 1.36]
4 studies · 5669 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or no intervention

Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D + calcium supplementation may leads to higher preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.52 [1.01, 2.28]
5 studies · 942 participants
Low