Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

311 questions · 326 findings · 30 reviews

No studies found 63 · 19.3%GRADE not reported 45 · 13.8%Very low 83 · 25.5%Low 109 · 33.4%Moderate 26 · 8%High 0 · 0%

CBT vs alternative treatment

Reduction in pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in pain intensity at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs alternative treatment

Mental distress · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower psychological distress at follow-up compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
  • Only 1 study reported adverse events as an outcome (Litt 2010): it found worsening symptoms in 13 people treated with an oral splint (as part of standard treatment) and 4 people treated with CBT.
    1 study · 101 participants
    Very low

CBT vs alternative treatment

Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs alternative treatment

Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in disability caused by pain at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Reduction in pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower pain intensity at follow-up (12 months) compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in pain disability at treatment completion compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Mental distress · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in psychological distress at follow-up compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

CBT vs alternative treatment

Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
  • SoF: 3 studies reported minor adverse events in the control group; 1 study reported minor adverse events in psychological therapy group; 1 study reported that there were no adverse events. Results: NCT00066937 minor…
    5 studies
    Very low

CBT vs No special instructions (control)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) led to lower patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no special instructions (control); GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment

Suicidality ‐ CBT vs. TAUno. of participants with suicidal act (last 12 months) · patients with borderline personality disorder

Cognitive‐Behavioural Therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in suicidality ‐ CBT vs. TAUno. of participants with suicidal act (last… compared with treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs placebo or supportive treatment

Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events) compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review