What do systematic reviews say?

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive therapy vs supportive therapy

• Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo or supportive treatment

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events)… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.43 [0.64, 3.16]
  1 study · 58 participants
  Very low

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo vs placebo or supportive treatment

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.39 [0.61, 3.18]
  1 study · 51 participants
  Very low

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

It is very uncertain whether group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects… compared with cognitive behavioural therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.55, 1.91]
  1 study · 65 participants
  Very low

CBT vs No special instructions (control)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects for CBT: Not measured.
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

CBT vs audiological care (tinnitus education and rehabilitation

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 410 participants
  Moderate

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 42 participants
  Low

CBT vs other experimental control

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 595 participants
  Low

CBT vs no treatment or waiting list

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 447 participants
  Moderate

CBT vs audiological care (tinnitus education and rehabilitation

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 410 participants
  Moderate

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

CBT showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects compared with TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking) (low certainty).

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.04, 4.64]
  1 study · 42 participants
  Low

CBT vs other experimental control

CBT showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects compared with other experimental control (low certainty).

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.7 [0.16, 18.36]
  6 studies · 595 participants
  Low

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + supportive intervention vs non‐directive reflective listening + supportive intervention

• Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Group B cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy (specific preventive intervention) + needs‐based intervention + risperidone vs needs‐based intervention

• Interventions for prodromal stage of psychosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

CBT vs no treatment or waiting list

CBT showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects at end of treatment compared with no intervention/waiting list control (moderate certainty).

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.13, 69.87]
  7 studies · 447 participants
  Moderate

CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with and without exercise to reduce fear of falling in older people living in the… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found