Beta‐blockers vs placebo
Total mortality
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.99 [0.88, 1.11]4 studies · 23613 participantsModerate
Findings
What do systematic reviews say?
28 questions · 28 findings · 3 reviews · Hypertension
No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 4 · 14.3%Low 13 · 46.4%Moderate 11 · 39.3%High 0 · 0%
Beta‐blockers vs diuretics
Withdrawals due to adverse events
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to adverse effect compared with diuretics (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.69 [0.95, 3]3 studies · 11566 participantsLow
Beta‐blockers vs calcium channel blockers
Total mortality
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.07 [1, 1.14]4 studies · 44825 participantsModerate
Beta‐blockers vs calcium channel blockers
Total cardiovascular disease
Beta‐blockers probably leads to higher total cardiovascular disease compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.18 [1.08, 1.29]2 studies · 19915 participantsModerate
Beta‐blockers vs calcium channel blockers
Stroke
Beta‐blockers probably leads to higher total stroke compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.24 [1.11, 1.4]3 studies · 44167 participantsModerate
Beta‐blockers vs calcium channel blockers
Total coronary heart disease
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total coronary heart disease compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.05 [0.96, 1.15]3 studies · 44167 participantsModerate
Beta‐blockers vs calcium channel blockers
Withdrawals due to adverse events
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to adverse effect compared with calcium‐channel blockers (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.2 [0.71, 2.04]2 studies · 21591 participantsLow
Beta‐blockers vs renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors
Total mortality
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.1 [0.98, 1.24]3 studies · 10828 participantsModerate
Beta‐blockers vs renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors
Total cardiovascular disease
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total cardiovascular disease compared with renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1 [0.72, 1.38]3 studies · 10828 participantsLow
Beta‐blockers vs renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors
Stroke
Beta‐blockers probably leads to higher total stroke compared with renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.3 [1.11, 1.53]2 studies · 9951 participantsModerate
Beta‐blockers vs renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors
Total coronary heart disease
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total coronary heart disease compared with renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.9 [0.76, 1.06]2 studies · 9951 participantsLow
Beta‐blockers vs placebo
Total cardiovascular disease
Beta‐blockers may leads to lower total cardiovascular disease compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.88 [0.79, 0.97]4 studies · 23613 participantsLow
Beta‐blockers vs renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors
Withdrawals due to adverse events
Beta‐blockers probably leads to higher withdrawal due to adverse effect compared with renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.41 [1.29, 1.54]2 studies · 9951 participantsModerate
Beta‐blockers vs placebo
Stroke
Beta‐blockers may leads to lower total stroke compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.8 [0.66, 0.96]4 studies · 23613 participantsLow
Beta‐blockers vs placebo
Total coronary heart disease
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total coronary heart disease compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.93 [0.81, 1.07]4 studies · 23613 participantsModerate
Beta‐blockers vs placebo
Withdrawals due to adverse events
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to adverse effect compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 3.38 [0.82, 13.95]3 studies · 22729 participantsLow
Beta‐blockers vs diuretics
Total mortality
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with diuretics (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.04 [0.91, 1.19]5 studies · 18241 participantsModerate
Beta‐blockers vs diuretics
Total cardiovascular disease
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total cardiovascular disease compared with diuretics (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.13 [0.99, 1.28]4 studies · 18135 participantsModerate
Beta‐blockers vs diuretics
Stroke
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total stroke compared with diuretics (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.17 [0.65, 2.09]4 studies · 18135 participantsLow
Beta‐blockers vs diuretics
Total coronary heart disease
Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total coronary heart disease compared with diuretics (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.12 [0.82, 1.54]4 studies · 18135 participantsLow