Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

28 questions · 29 findings · 3 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 7 · 24.1%GRADE not reported 2 · 6.9%Very low 17 · 58.6%Low 3 · 10.3%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes tardive dyskinesia: no clinically important improvement compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes tardive dyskinesia: deterioration in symptoms compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Acceptability · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes acceptability of the treatment (measured by participants leaving the… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs phenobarbital (as active placebo)

Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes tardive dyskinesia: no clinically important improvement compared with phenobarbital (as active placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of participants sedated · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Global impression ‐ need for additional medication ‐ medium term Number of participants requiring additional medication · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes global state: need for additional medication ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium termNumber… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES AS SOLE TREATMENT vs placebo

No clinically important response to treatment ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether BENZODIAZEPINES AS SOLE TREATMENT changes no clinically important response to treatment ‐ short term compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES AS SOLE TREATMENT vs placebo

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether BENZODIAZEPINES AS SOLE TREATMENT changes leaving the study early due to any reason (overall acceptability of… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review