What do systematic reviews say?

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Benzodiazepines may leads to higher response compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Benzodiazepines versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.65 [1.39, 1.96]
  16 studies · 2476 participants
  Low

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Benzodiazepines may leads to lower total number of dropouts compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Benzodiazepines versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.39, 0.64]
  21 studies · 3558 participants
  Low

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Benzodiazepines may leads to higher remission compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Benzodiazepines versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.61 [1.38, 1.88]
  15 studies · 2907 participants
  Low

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

• Benzodiazepines versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1489 participants
  Very low
• Benzodiazepines versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 719 participants
  Very low

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Benzodiazepines may leads to higher number of dropouts due to adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Benzodiazepines versus placebo for panic disorder in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.58 [1.16, 2.15]
  14 studies · 3263 participants
  Low

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes tardive dyskinesia: no clinically important improvement compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.6, 2.09]
  2 studies · 32 participants
  Very low

Benzodiazepines vs phenobarbital (as active placebo)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Benzodiazepines vs phenobarbital (as active placebo)

• Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 21 participants
  Very low

Benzodiazepines vs phenobarbital (as active placebo)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes tardive dyskinesia: deterioration in symptoms compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.48 [0.22, 9.82]
  2 studies · 30 participants
  Very low

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes acceptability of the treatment (measured by participants leaving the… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.73 [0.15, 48.04]
  3 studies · 56 participants
  Very low

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Benzodiazepines vs phenobarbital (as active placebo)

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes tardive dyskinesia: no clinically important improvement compared with phenobarbital (as active placebo) (very low certainty).

• Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.2, 0.96]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Very low

Benzodiazepines vs phenobarbital (as active placebo)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Benzodiazepines vs phenobarbital (as active placebo)

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes adverse events: any compared with phenobarbital (as active placebo) (very low certainty).

• Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.53 [0.97, 2.41]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Very low

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes tranquillisation or asleep: sedation ‐ medium termNumber of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.67 [0.42, 6.61]
  1 study · 102 participants
  Very low

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

• Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 216 participants
  Very low

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Benzodiazepines may leads to lower adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ vs haloperidol ‐… compared with antipsychotics (low certainty).

• Benzodiazepines for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.13 [0.04, 0.41]
  6 studies · 233 participants
  Low