Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · health: non‐randomised studies
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
657 participants
Very low
Anaemia · health: non‐randomised studies
It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.87 [0.68, 1.11]
657 participants
Very low
Erythrocyte folate concentrations (nmol/L) · health outcomes
1 finding from 1 review
Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · health outcomes
1 finding from 1 review
Anaemia · health outcomes
Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… showed no clear difference in anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Haemoglobin (g/dL) · health outcomes
1 finding from 1 review
Neural tube defects (All) · health: non‐randomised studies
It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes neural tube defects (spina bifida, encephalocoele, anencephaly‐fatal… compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.32 [0.21, 0.48]
8037 participants
Very low
Incidence: lung cancer · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France
Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc showed no clear difference in incidence: lung cancer compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality: lung cancer · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Incidence: all cancers · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France
Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc showed no clear difference in incidence: all cancers compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality: all cancers · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Mortality: all causes · healthy women, aged 35 to 60, and men, aged 45 to 60, living in France
Vitamins A, C, E + selenium + zinc showed no clear difference in mortality: all causes compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- vitamins) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anaemia · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
It is very uncertain whether provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron… changes anaemia (defined as haemoglobin (Hb) below WHO cut‐off, adjusted for… compared with unfortified maize flours or maize flour products (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker of iron status) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
It is very uncertain whether provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron… changes iron deficiency (as defined by trialists, based on a biomarker of… compared with unfortified maize flours or maize flour products (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Haemoglobin (g/dL) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
1 finding from 1 review
Ferritin (µg/L) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
1 finding from 1 review
Any adverse effects (including constipation, nausea, vomiting, heartburn or diarrhoea, as measured by trialists) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months)
SoF5 Dietary supplements vs placebo. Symptom relief short-term: insufficient or contradictory evidence regarding benefit of any evaluated dietary supplement; 628 participants (12 RCTs); very low. Subgroups: ALA without…
12 studies · 628 participants
Very low