Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

888 questions · 936 findings · 109 reviews

No studies found 196 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 88 · 9.4%Very low 226 · 24.1%Low 217 · 23.2%Moderate 152 · 16.2%High 57 · 6.1%

Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics

Health‐related quality of life · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics

Ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge

It is very uncertain whether topical antibiotics with steroids changes ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation compared with topical antibiotics alone (same antibiotics) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics

Serious complications (including intracranial complications, extracranial complications and death) · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics

Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured at 1 to 2 weeks · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge

Topical antibiotics with steroids may leads to lower resolution of ear discharge at between 1 to 2 weeks compared with topical antibiotics alone (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics

Resolution of ear discharge ‐ measured after 4 weeks · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics

Discomfort/pain · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge

It is very uncertain whether topical antibiotics with steroids changes ear pain or discomfort at 14 weeks compared with topical antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antibiotics with steroids vs topical antibiotics

Suspected ototoxicity: dizziness/vertigo/balance · people (of any age) with chronic suppurative otitis media or ear discharge

It is very uncertain whether topical antibiotics with steroids changes suspected ototoxicity: dizziness/vertigo/balance compared with topical antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

More than 24 hours of antibiotics vs 24 hours of antibiotics

Abdominal surgical site infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma

It is very uncertain whether more than 24 hours of antibiotics changes abdominal surgical site infection compared with 24 hours of antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

More than 24 hours of antibiotics vs 24 hours of antibiotics

All‐cause mortality · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma

It is very uncertain whether more than 24 hours of antibiotics changes mortality compared with 24 hours of antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

More than 24 hours of antibiotics vs 24 hours of antibiotics

Intra‐abdominal infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma

It is very uncertain whether more than 24 hours of antibiotics changes intra‐abdominal infection compared with 24 hours of antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Recurrent asymptomatic bacteriuria ‐ all trials · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose antibiotic changes recurrent asymptomatic bacteriuria ‐ all trials compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Pyelonephritis ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only4 · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose antibiotic changes pyelonephritis ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only4 compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Low birthweight ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Single‐dose antibiotic leads to higher low birthweight ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Preterm delivery ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Single‐dose antibiotic showed no clear difference in preterm delivery ‐ Same antimicrobial agent only compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Same antimicrobial agent ‐ No cure (good quality studies) · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Single‐dose antibiotic leads to higher same antimicrobial agent ‐ No cure (good quality studies) compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs short duration antibiotics

Different antimicrobial agents ‐ No cure (good quality studies) · patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy

Single‐dose antibiotic showed no clear difference in different antimicrobial agents ‐ No cure (good quality studies) compared with short‐course (four‐ to seven‐day) antibiotic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review