Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

711 questions · 751 findings · 86 reviews

No studies found 171 · 22.8%GRADE not reported 61 · 8.1%Very low 192 · 25.6%Low 174 · 23.2%Moderate 108 · 14.4%High 45 · 6%

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Clinical treatment failure (Persistent or worsening symptoms at the end of treatment) · patients symptomatic for NTS infection

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes clinical treatment failure (Persistent or worsening symptoms at the… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Diarrhoea · patients symptomatic for NTS infection

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes presence of diarrhoea at 2‐4 days compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

New renal parenchymal defects (scars and thinning) on IVP: unit of analysis (children) at 4 to 5 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone · primary VUR

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in new renal parenchymal defects (scars and thinning) on IVP: unit of… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Correction of VUR: unit of analysis (children) after 3 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone · primary VUR

It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes correction of VUR: unit of analysis (children) after 3 years:… compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Febrile UTI by 5 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone · primary VUR

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics probably leads to lower febrile UTI by 5 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics

Ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation · people (of any age) with CSOM

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotics changes ear pain (otalgia) or discomfort or local irritation ‐ measured at 1… compared with no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review