Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
286 questions in 57 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems
current versionsNo studies 286 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mindfulness‐enhanced parent training vs parent training Measures of self‐compassion · parents of children between the ages of 0 and 18 years Mindfulness‐enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mindfulness‐enhanced parent training vs no‐treatment, waitlist, or attentional control Adverse effects · parents of children between the ages of 0 and 18 years Mindfulness‐enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mindfulness‐enhanced parent training vs no‐treatment, waitlist, or attentional control Measures of self‐compassion · parents of children between the ages of 0 and 18 years Mindfulness‐enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mindfulness‐enhanced parent training vs parent training Adverse effects · parents of children between the ages of 0 and 18 years Mindfulness‐enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18… (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Positive behavioural support vs treatment Quality of life ‐ not measured · people with outwardly aggressive behaviour and intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Meditation based on mindfulness vs treatment Ability to control anger ‐ not measured · people with outwardly aggressive behaviour and intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Meditation based on mindfulness vs treatment Adaptive functioning ‐ not measured · people with outwardly aggressive behaviour and intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Meditation based on mindfulness vs treatment Mental state ‐ not measured · people with outwardly aggressive behaviour and intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Meditation based on mindfulness vs treatment Quality of life ‐ not measured · people with outwardly aggressive behaviour and intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Meditation based on mindfulness vs treatment Cost of service utilisation ‐ not measured · people with outwardly aggressive behaviour and intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Mindfulness based on positive behaviour support vs positive behaviour support Ability to control anger ‐ not measured · outwardly aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Mindfulness based on positive behaviour support vs positive behaviour support Adaptive functioning ‐ not measured · outwardly aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Mindfulness based on positive behaviour support vs positive behaviour support Mental state ‐ not measured · outwardly aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Mindfulness based on positive behaviour support vs positive behaviour support Quality of life ‐ not measured · outwardly aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Mindfulness based on positive behaviour support vs positive behaviour support Cost of service utilisation ‐ not measured · outwardly aggressive behaviour in people with intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Positive behavioural support vs treatment Ability to control anger ‐ not measured · people with outwardly aggressive behaviour and intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Positive behavioural support vs treatment Adaptive functioning ‐ not measured · people with outwardly aggressive behaviour and intellectual disability Behavioural and cognitive‐behavioural interventions for outwardly directed aggressive behaviour in people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‐related drugs vs placebo Aggression · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging… Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antidepressants vs placebo Aggression · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging… Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neurohormones vs placebo Aggression · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging… Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neurohormones vs placebo Self Injury · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging… Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Personalised intervention vs non‐personalised intervention Any adverse events · subgroups of children with conduct problems Personalised interventions for subgroups of children with conduct problems (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Personalised intervention vs non‐personalised intervention Personalised treatment outcomes, relevant to each subgroup · subgroups of children with conduct problems Personalised interventions for subgroups of children with conduct problems (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Personalised intervention vs non‐personalised intervention Parenting skills and knowledge · subgroups of children with conduct problems Personalised interventions for subgroups of children with conduct problems (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Galantamine plus risperidone vs placebo plus risperidone Overall autism features Not assessed · children and adolescents with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for autistic spectrum disorders (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Galantamine plus risperidone vs placebo plus risperidone General health and function Not assessed · children and adolescents with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for autistic spectrum disorders (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Community‐based growth monitoring and promotion (no supplementary feeding) vs standard care Mean weight‐for‐age z‐score · and The impact of growth monitoring and promotion on health indicators in children under five years of age in… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Community‐based growth monitoring and promotion (no supplementary feeding) vs standard care Mean height‐for‐age z‐score · and The impact of growth monitoring and promotion on health indicators in children under five years of age in… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Community‐based growth monitoring and promotion (no supplementary feeding) vs standard care Infant and child feeding practices · and The impact of growth monitoring and promotion on health indicators in children under five years of age in… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Community‐based growth monitoring and promotion (no supplementary feeding) vs standard care Health service usage · and The impact of growth monitoring and promotion on health indicators in children under five years of age in… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Community‐based growth monitoring and promotion (with supplementary feeding) vs standard care Health service usage · and The impact of growth monitoring and promotion on health indicators in children under five years of age in… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychological interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist) Parental self‐harm ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist) Trauma‐related symptoms ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist) Substance use ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist) Parent relationship quality ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist) Parental self‐harm ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist) Parent–child relationship ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Service system approaches vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist) Parenting skills ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · for parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in their childhood Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist) Substance use ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in childhood Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist) Parent relationship quality ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in childhood Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Parenting interventions vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist) Parental self‐harm ‐ post‐intervention ‐ not reported · parents who are experiencing CPTSD symptoms or have experienced maltreatment in childhood Interventions from pregnancy to two years after birth for parents experiencing complex post‐traumatic stress… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Brief admission to psychiatric hospital by self‐referral plus treatment as usual vs treatment Quality of life · adults meeting 3 or more diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder Crisis interventions for adults with borderline personality disorder (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Brief admission to psychiatric hospital by self‐referral plus treatment as usual vs treatment Cost‐effectiveness · adults meeting 3 or more diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder Crisis interventions for adults with borderline personality disorder (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Joint crisis plan plus treatment as usual vs treatment Suicidality · community‐dwelling adults with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder Crisis interventions for adults with borderline personality disorder (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Joint crisis plan plus treatment as usual vs treatment Violence perpetration · community‐dwelling adults with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder Crisis interventions for adults with borderline personality disorder (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment Adverse events · adults with insomnia Listening to music for insomnia in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dynamic splinting vs delayed or no splinting Measurement of acetabular index at 5 years · babies under six months of age with all severities of DDH Splinting for the non‐operative management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children under six… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dynamic splinting vs static splinting Measurement of acetabular index at 1 year · babies under six months of age with stable and unstable hips Splinting for the non‐operative management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children under six… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dynamic splinting vs static splinting Measurement of acetabular index at 2 years · babies under six months of age with stable and unstable hips Splinting for the non‐operative management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children under six… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dynamic splinting vs static splinting Measurement of acetabular index at 5 years · babies under six months of age with stable and unstable hips Splinting for the non‐operative management of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children under six… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |