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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
166 questions in 42 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma
current versionsNo studies 166 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Medication or nutrition fall prevention interventions vs control: evidence from RCTs Rate of falls · community‐dwelling older adults ≥ 65 years of age Population‐based interventions for preventing falls and fall‐related injuries in older people (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multicomponent fall prevention interventions vs control: evidence from RCTs Adverse events · community‐dwelling older adults at least 60 years of age Population‐based interventions for preventing falls and fall‐related injuries in older people (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multicomponent fall prevention interventions vs control: evidence from RCTs Cost‐effectiveness (economic analysis) · community‐dwelling older adults at least 60 years of age Population‐based interventions for preventing falls and fall‐related injuries in older people (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multicomponent fall prevention interventions vs control: evidence from non‐randomised trials Number of people experiencing 1 or more falls resulting in hospital admission Measured using hospital records · community‐dwelling older adults at least 60 years of age Population‐based interventions for preventing falls and fall‐related injuries in older people (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Medication or nutrition fall prevention interventions vs control: evidence from RCTs Number of fallers · community‐dwelling older adults ≥ 65 years of age Population‐based interventions for preventing falls and fall‐related injuries in older people (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multicomponent fall prevention interventions vs control: evidence from non‐randomised trials Adverse events · community‐dwelling older adults at least 60 years of age Population‐based interventions for preventing falls and fall‐related injuries in older people (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Medication or nutrition fall prevention interventions vs control: evidence from RCTs Number of people experiencing 1 or more fall‐related injuries · community‐dwelling older adults ≥ 65 years of age Population‐based interventions for preventing falls and fall‐related injuries in older people (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Medication or nutrition fall prevention interventions vs control: evidence from RCTs Number of people experiencing 1 or more fall‐related fractures · community‐dwelling older adults ≥ 65 years of age Population‐based interventions for preventing falls and fall‐related injuries in older people (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Medication or nutrition fall prevention interventions vs control: evidence from RCTs Number of people who experienced 1 or more adverse events · community‐dwelling older adults ≥ 65 years of age Population‐based interventions for preventing falls and fall‐related injuries in older people (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Medication or nutrition fall prevention interventions vs control: evidence from RCTs Economic analysis · community‐dwelling older adults ≥ 65 years of age Population‐based interventions for preventing falls and fall‐related injuries in older people (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy vs control Time to return to normal activities · adolescents and adults with acute fractures in tibia and femur Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy vs control Time to fracture union · adolescents and adults with acute fractures in tibia and femur Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy vs control Adverse events · adolescents and adults with acute fractures in tibia and femur Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound vs control Quantitative functional improvement Using PROMs · acute fractures in adults; included studies assessed effects in complete upper limb fractures (distal radius,… Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy vs control Participant‐reported quality of life · adolescents and adults with acute fractures in tibia and femur Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy vs control Quantitative functional improvement · adolescents and adults with acute fractures in tibia and femur Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical vs non‐surgical management Function in the short term · people aged over 14 years with displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures Surgical versus non‐surgical interventions for displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Assistive technology for vision improvement interventions vs usual care or attention control Number of people who experienced 1 or more hospitalisations following a fall · older people living in the community Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Education interventions vs control (e.g. usual care) Number of people who experienced 1 or more falls requiring hospitalisation · older people living in the community Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Education interventions vs control (e.g. usual care) Number of people who experienced 1 or more falls requiring medical attention · older people living in the community Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Education interventions vs control (e.g. usual care) Health‐related quality of life · older people living in the community Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Education interventions vs control (e.g. usual care) Adverse events · older people living in the community Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments) Adverse effects · older adults (mean age minus 1 standard deviation is more than 60 years) Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with and without exercise to reduce fear of falling in older people… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cephalomedullary nails vs extramedullary implants Health‐related quality of life, early (≤ 4 months) · older adults with stable or unstable extracapsular hip fractures Cephalomedullary nails versus extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures in older adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) vs hemiarthroplasty Self‐reported shoulder function · adults undergoing surgery for displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (2 trials) Interventions for treating proximal humeral fractures in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Mobility outcome · adults following hip fracture surgery Interventions for improving mobility after hip fracture surgery in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Mobility outcome · adults following hip fracture surgery Interventions for improving mobility after hip fracture surgery in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Retrograde intramedullary nail (RIMN) vs locking plate Pain · adults with fractures of the distal femur Interventions for treating fractures of the distal femur in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motion control vs neutral / cushioned running shoes Runner satisfaction with footwear · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motion control vs neutral / cushioned running shoes Adverse events (e.g. skin complaints) other than musculoskeletal injuries · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motion control vs neutral / cushioned running shoes Number of runners requiring hospital admission or surgery, or both, for musculoskeletal injury or adverse event · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soft vs hard running shoes Number of lower‐limb running injuries · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soft vs hard running shoes Number of runners who failed to return to running or their previous level of running · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soft vs hard running shoes Runner satisfaction with footwear · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soft vs hard running shoes Adverse events (e.g. skin complaints) other than musculoskeletal injuries · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soft vs hard running shoes Number of runners requiring hospital admission or surgery, or both, for musculoskeletal injury or adverse event · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neutral / cushioned vs minimalist running shoes Number of lower‐limb running injuries · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Running shoes recommended and selected on foot posture vs running shoes not recommended and selected on foot posture Number of runners sustaining a lower‐limb running injury · military personnel Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Running shoes recommended and selected on foot posture vs running shoes not recommended and selected on foot posture Number of runners who failed to return to running or their previous level of running · military personnel Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Running shoes recommended and selected on foot posture vs running shoes not recommended and selected on foot posture Runner satisfaction with footwear · military personnel Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Running shoes recommended and selected on foot posture vs running shoes not recommended and selected on foot posture Adverse events (e.g. skin complaints) other than musculoskeletal injuries · military personnel Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Running shoes recommended and selected on foot posture vs running shoes not recommended and selected on foot posture Number of runners requiring hospital admission or surgery, or both, for musculoskeletal injury or adverse event · military personnel Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neutral / cushioned vs minimalist running shoes Number of runners who failed to return to running or their previous level of running · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neutral / cushioned vs minimalist running shoes Adverse events (e.g. skin complaints) other than musculoskeletal injuries · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neutral / cushioned vs minimalist running shoes Number of runners requiring hospital admission or surgery, or both, for musculoskeletal injury or adverse event · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motion control vs neutral / cushioned running shoes Number of lower‐limb running injuries · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motion control vs neutral / cushioned running shoes Number of runners who failed to return to running or their previous level of running · healthy adults participating in recreational running Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cemented modern unipolar hemiarthroplasty · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cemented modern unipolar hemiarthroplasty · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cemented modern unipolar hemiarthroplasty · older adults (> 60 years of age) with intracapsular hip fractures; most fractures in the included studies were displaced Surgical interventions for treating intracapsular hip fractures in older adults: a network meta‐analysis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |