Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
504 questions in 57 reviews · Kidney and Transplant
current versionsNo studies 504 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Probiotic vs another probiotic Microbiota composition · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Probiotic vs another probiotic Graft function · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Probiotic vs another probiotic Graft infection · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Synbiotic vs placebo or no treatment Albuminuria or proteinuria · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Synbiotic vs placebo or no treatment Indoxyl sulfate · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Synbiotic vs another synbiotic Graft function · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Synbiotic vs placebo or no treatment Microbiota composition · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Synbiotic vs placebo or no treatment Graft function · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Synbiotic vs placebo or no treatment Graft infection · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotic vs placebo or no treatment eGFR · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotic vs placebo or no treatment Albuminuria or proteinuria · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Synbiotic vs another synbiotic Graft infection · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotic vs placebo or no treatment Any change in GI upset or intolerance · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotic vs placebo or no treatment Graft function · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prebiotic vs placebo or no treatment Graft infection · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Probiotic vs placebo or no treatment Microbiota composition · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Probiotic vs placebo or no treatment Graft function · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Probiotic vs placebo or no treatment Graft infection · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Synbiotic vs prebiotic Albuminuria or proteinuria · people with CKD Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Urinary catheter removal < 5 days postoperatively vs urinary catheter removal ≥ 5 days postoperatively Incidence of symptomatic UTI · postoperative kidney transplant patients Early versus late removal of urinary catheter after kidney transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Urinary catheter removal < 5 days postoperatively vs urinary catheter removal ≥ 5 days postoperatively Incidence of major urological complications · postoperative kidney transplant patients Early versus late removal of urinary catheter after kidney transplantation (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone Complete or partial remission · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise) Time to mature · CKD patients who underwent AVF creation Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise) Dialysis efficacy indicator · CKD patients who underwent AVF creation Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise) Vascular access function · CKD patients who underwent AVF creation Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise) Adverse events · CKD patients who underwent AVF creation Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics alone vs systematic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solution Death · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics alone vs systematic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solution Development of antibiotic resistance · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics alone vs systematic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solution Adverse effects · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Catheter guidewire exchange vs catheter removal and replacement Stenosis or thrombosis of vascular access site after catheter removal · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Catheter guidewire exchange vs catheter removal and replacement Death · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Catheter guidewire exchange vs catheter removal and replacement Development of antibiotic resistance · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Catheter guidewire exchange vs catheter removal and replacement Adverse effects · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus tissue plasminogen activator vs systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus heparin Stenosis or thrombosis of vascular access site after catheter removal · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus tissue plasminogen activator vs systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus heparin Death · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus tissue plasminogen activator vs systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus heparin Development of antibiotic resistance · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus tissue plasminogen activator vs systemic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solutions plus heparin Adverse effects · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic antibiotics alone vs systematic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solution Stenosis or thrombosis of vascular access site after catheter removal · patients on maintenance HD with CRBSI Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
D‐mannose (2 g) vs nitrofurantoin (50 mg) Asymptomatic bacteriuria · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating) D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
D‐mannose (2 g) vs nitrofurantoin (50 mg) Changes to previous treatment regimen · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating) D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
D‐mannose (2 g) vs nitrofurantoin (50 mg) Pain · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating) D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
D‐mannose (2 g) vs nitrofurantoin (50 mg) Cure/complete remission · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating) D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
D‐mannose (2 g) vs no treatment Symptomatic‐only UTI · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating) D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
D‐mannose (2 g) vs no treatment Asymptomatic bacteriuria · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating) D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
D‐mannose (2 g) vs no treatment Changes to previous treatment regimen · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating) D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
D‐mannose (2 g) vs no treatment Pain · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating) D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
D‐mannose (2 g) vs no treatment Cure/complete remission · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating) D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
D‐mannose (2 g) vs nitrofurantoin (50 mg) Symptomatic only UTI · women with acute cystitis or history of recurrent acute cystitis (preventing and treating) D‐mannose for preventing and treating urinary tract infections (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) stabilisers vs erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) Life participation · people with CKD (including HD and PD) Hypoxia‐inducible factor stabilisers for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) stabilisers vs placebo Fatigue · people with CKD (including HD and PD) Hypoxia‐inducible factor stabilisers for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |