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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
15,213 questions in 2,394 reviews
current versionsNo studies 15,213 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs Placebo Amount of analgesia · Patients being treated for cancer with established oral HSV infection (bone marrow transplant recipients /… Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | For the treatment comparison (aciclovir versus placebo), no data were available for recurrence of lesions, amount of analgesia, days of stay in hospital, cost of oral care or patient quality of life. | 0 studies | No studies |
Bioresorbable plates or screws (or both) vs Titanium plates or screws (used as lag screws) or both Adverse effects (insufficient fixation; re-operation/revision; plate exposure; superficial or deep wound infection; sinus tract; wound dehiscence; giant cell/foreign body or inflammatory reaction; post-traumatic dystrophy) · Participants over 18 years of age with fractures of the facial skeleton including the mandible, maxilla, zygoma… · Up to 3 years postoperatively Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures (2009) · Cochrane | Planned adverse-effects outcome not assessed: none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria, so no data were available for analysis. Verbatim (Effects of interventions): "Although 53 studies were retrieved… | 0 studies | No studies |
Any denture cleansing method (mechanical or chemical) vs Another method, sham/placebo, or no treatment Adverse effects · Adults (over 18) wearing complete dentures (CD) or removable partial dentures (RPD) Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Noticeable absence of reports about adverse effects; no included study assessed the extent of adverse effects (for example the aftertaste of sodium hypochlorite, or mechanical or chemical damage to denture materials)… | 0 studies | No studies |
Dental fillings (restorations) vs Dental extractions Outcome NR · Children aged 12 years or younger with tooth decay involving at least one tooth in the primary dentition, symptomatic… · Minimum 6 months follow-up Dental fillings for the treatment of caries in the primary dentition (2009) · Cochrane | "No studies were found that compared restorations versus extractions or no treatment as an intervention in children with caries in the primary dentition." | NR | No studies |
Horizontal bone augmentation (any technique) vs No augmentation Outcome NR · Patients with horizontally resorbed maxillary sites needing single implants · At least to abutment connection (planned) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | No trial evaluated whether horizontal bone augmentation is necessary (explicit gap) | 0 studies | No studies |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Temporomandibular joint tenderness · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | To date, no randomised controlled trial in this area reported temporomandibular joint tenderness. | 0 studies | No studies |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Quality of life · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | No data about quality of life were reported by the included trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Deviation of the mandible · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | To date, no randomised controlled trial in this area reported deviation of the mandible. | 0 studies | No studies |
Prophylactic aciclovir (oral or intravenous) vs Placebo Days stay in hospital · Patients being treated for cancer (predominantly haematological malignancies) Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | For prevention or treatment, no trials reported on duration of hospital stay, amount of analgesia or patient quality of life. | 0 studies | No studies |
1-stage (non-submerged) implant placement vs 2-stage (submerged) implant placement Patient preference including aesthetics (split-mouth studies only) · Any subject receiving osseointegrated dental implants · 6 to 12 months after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement (2009) · Cochrane | Planned outcome (patient preference including aesthetics, only in split-mouth studies); no included trial reported it. | 0 studies | No studies |
Bioresorbable plates or screws (or both) vs Titanium plates or screws (used as lag screws) or both Patient satisfaction (questionnaire) · Participants over 18 years of age with fractures of the facial skeleton including the mandible, maxilla, zygoma… · Up to 3 years postoperatively Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures (2009) · Cochrane | Planned secondary outcome not assessed: none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria, so no data were available for analysis. Verbatim (Effects of interventions): "Although 53 studies were retrieved in our… | 0 studies | No studies |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Muscular tenderness · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | To date, no randomised controlled trial in this area reported muscular tenderness. | 0 studies | No studies |
Bioresorbable plates or screws (or both) vs Titanium plates or screws (used as lag screws) or both Direct costs (plates, supporting equipment, hospital bed days, retreatment) · Participants over 18 years of age with fractures of the facial skeleton including the mandible, maxilla, zygoma… · Up to 3 years postoperatively Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures (2009) · Cochrane | Planned cost outcome not assessed: none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria, so no data were available for analysis. Verbatim (Effects of interventions): "Although 53 studies were retrieved in our… | 0 studies | No studies |
Bioresorbable plates or screws (or both) vs Titanium plates or screws (used as lag screws) or both Analgesic medication used (type, dose, frequency) · Participants over 18 years of age with fractures of the facial skeleton including the mandible, maxilla, zygoma… · Up to 3 years postoperatively Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures (2009) · Cochrane | Planned primary outcome not assessed: none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria, so no data were available for analysis. Verbatim (Effects of interventions): "Although 53 studies were retrieved in our… | 0 studies | No studies |
Bioresorbable plates or screws (or both) vs Titanium plates or screws (used as lag screws) or both Need for retreatment or replacement of fixation due to failure of the fixation · Participants over 18 years of age with fractures of the facial skeleton including the mandible, maxilla, zygoma… · Up to 3 years postoperatively Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures (2009) · Cochrane | Planned primary outcome not assessed: none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria, so no data were available for analysis. Verbatim (Effects of interventions): "Although 53 studies were retrieved in our… | 0 studies | No studies |
Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs Placebo Patient quality of life · Patients being treated for cancer with established oral HSV infection (bone marrow transplant recipients /… Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | For the treatment comparison (aciclovir versus placebo), no data were available for recurrence of lesions, amount of analgesia, days of stay in hospital, cost of oral care or patient quality of life. | 0 studies | No studies |
Prophylactic aciclovir (oral or intravenous) vs Placebo Recurrence of lesions · Patients being treated for cancer (predominantly haematological malignancies) Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | Recurrence of lesions was a planned secondary outcome; no included trial reported data for this outcome in the prophylactic aciclovir versus placebo comparison. | 0 studies | No studies |
Primary surgical intervention (curettage, peripheral osteotomy, or resection) vs Primary non-surgical intervention (intralesional corticosteroids, subcutaneous calcitonin, interferon alpha, or imatinib) Adverse events · Patients with a pathological diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws Interventions for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Summary of findings: 5 mg/day vs placebo Benefits · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 1.25 mg/day plus rehabilitation vs placebo plus rehabilitation Function ‐ not measured · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 1.25 mg/day plus rehabilitation vs placebo plus rehabilitation Harms · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 5 mg/day vs injection with corticosteroid and anaesthetic Benefits · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 5 mg/day vs injection with corticosteroid and anaesthetic Pain ‐ not reported1 · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 5 mg/day vs injection with corticosteroid and anaesthetic Function ‐ not measured · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 5 mg/day vs injection with corticosteroid and anaesthetic Harms · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 5 mg/day vs placebo Function ‐ not measured · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 5 mg/day vs placebo Harms · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 5 mg/day vs placebo Headache ‐ not reported4 · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 1.25 mg/day plus rehabilitation vs placebo plus rehabilitation Benefits · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: 1.25 mg/day plus rehabilitation vs placebo plus rehabilitation Pain ‐ not reported1 · People with rotator cuff disease Topical glyceryl trinitrate for rotator cuff disease (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Radiological damage ‐ not measured · patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Dynamic exercise programs (aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength training) in patients with rheumatoid… (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Radiological damage ‐ not measured · patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Dynamic exercise programs (aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength training) in patients with rheumatoid… (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Radiological damage ‐ not measured · patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Dynamic exercise programs (aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength training) in patients with rheumatoid… (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bioresorbable plates or screws (or both) vs Titanium plates or screws (used as lag screws) or both Any chronic or lasting pain measured using any validated scale after 3 weeks · Participants over 18 years of age with fractures of the facial skeleton including the mandible, maxilla, zygoma… · After 3 weeks Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures (2009) · Cochrane | Planned primary outcome not assessed: none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria, so no data were available for analysis. Verbatim (Effects of interventions): "Although 53 studies were retrieved in our… | 0 studies | No studies |
Arthrocentesis and lavage vs Arthroscopy Maximum bite force · Adults with temporomandibular joint disorders (internal derangement; anterior disc displacement with or without… Arthrocentesis and lavage for treating temporomandibular joint disorders (2009) · Cochrane | To date, no randomised controlled trial in this area reported maximum bite force. | 0 studies | No studies |
Primary surgical intervention (curettage, peripheral osteotomy, or resection) vs Primary non-surgical intervention (intralesional corticosteroids, subcutaneous calcitonin, interferon alpha, or imatinib) Complete remission · Patients with a pathological diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws Interventions for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Bioresorbable plates or screws (or both) vs Titanium plates or screws (used as lag screws) or both Status of occlusion (e.g. Angle's classification, ANB, Wits analysis) · Participants over 18 years of age with fractures of the facial skeleton including the mandible, maxilla, zygoma… · Up to 3 years postoperatively Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures (2009) · Cochrane | Planned secondary outcome not assessed: none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria, so no data were available for analysis. Verbatim (Effects of interventions): "Although 53 studies were retrieved in our… | 0 studies | No studies |
Any denture cleansing method (mechanical or chemical) vs Another method, sham/placebo, or no treatment Outcome NR · Wearers of removable partial dentures (RPD), over the age of 18 Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | No included study assessed removable partial denture (RPD) wearers; all six included trials assessed complete denture wearers (Discussion; Implications for research: 'No included study assessed removable partial… | 0 studies | No studies |
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD; Emdogain) vs Various bone grafting (BG) procedures (animal-derived or synthetic bone / bioactive ceramic filler) Change in marginal (radiographic) bone level · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony… · 1 year (time-points 1, 5 and 10 years planned) Enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®) for periodontal tissue regeneration in intrabony defects (2009) · Cochrane | Radiographic bone level: no trial evaluated this. | 0 studies | No studies |
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD; Emdogain) vs Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barriers Aesthetics · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony… · 1 year (time-points 1, 5 and 10 years planned) Enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®) for periodontal tissue regeneration in intrabony defects (2009) · Cochrane | SoF (Emdogain vs GTR): Aesthetics - See comment; 0 [0]; No studies reported this. | 0 studies | No studies |
Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs Placebo Cost of oral care · Patients being treated for cancer with established oral HSV infection (bone marrow transplant recipients /… Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer (2009) · Cochrane | For the treatment comparison (aciclovir versus placebo), no data were available for recurrence of lesions, amount of analgesia, days of stay in hospital, cost of oral care or patient quality of life. | 0 studies | No studies |
Dental fillings (restorations) vs No treatment Outcome NR · Children aged 12 years or younger with tooth decay involving at least one tooth in the primary dentition, symptomatic… · Minimum 6 months follow-up Dental fillings for the treatment of caries in the primary dentition (2009) · Cochrane | "No studies were found that compared restorations versus extractions or no treatment as an intervention in children with caries in the primary dentition." | NR | No studies |
Ultrasonic treatment or microwave disinfection device vs Another method, sham/placebo, or no treatment Outcome NR · Adults (over 18) wearing complete dentures (CD) or removable partial dentures (RPD) Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | The effectiveness of ultrasonic or microwave devices as an intervention for routine use was not studied according to a randomised controlled trial design (Implications for research). | 0 studies | No studies |
Bioresorbable plates or screws (or both) vs Titanium plates or screws (used as lag screws) or both Healing and union of fracture (versus mal-union and non-union) · Participants over 18 years of age with fractures of the facial skeleton including the mandible, maxilla, zygoma… · Up to 3 years postoperatively Resorbable versus titanium plates for facial fractures (2009) · Cochrane | Planned primary outcome not assessed: none of the retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria, so no data were available for analysis. Verbatim (Effects of interventions): "Although 53 studies were retrieved in our… | 0 studies | No studies |
Primary surgical intervention (curettage, peripheral osteotomy, or resection) vs Primary non-surgical intervention (intralesional corticosteroids, subcutaneous calcitonin, interferon alpha, or imatinib) Partial reduction · Patients with a pathological diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws Interventions for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Primary surgical intervention (curettage, peripheral osteotomy, or resection) vs Primary non-surgical intervention (intralesional corticosteroids, subcutaneous calcitonin, interferon alpha, or imatinib) Recurrence · Patients with a pathological diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws Interventions for central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws (2009) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal adjustment as an adjunct to surgical periodontal therapy vs Surgical periodontal therapy alone (no occlusal adjustment) Patient acceptability of treatment and its side effects · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis · Minimum 3 months (planned) Occlusal interventions for periodontitis in adults (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Minimal incision palatopharyngoplasty (MIPP) vs MIPP with additional individualised velopharyngeal surgery (pharyngeal flap or sphincter pharyngoplasty) Quality of life (self or carer evaluated, validated questionnaires) · Children or adolescents aged 3 years or older with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) associated with non-syndromic… Interventions for the management of submucous cleft palate (2008) · Cochrane | No data were available for this patient-reported outcome in the single included trial. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal adjustment as an adjunct to surgical periodontal therapy vs Surgical periodontal therapy alone (no occlusal adjustment) Adverse effects (e.g. thermal sensitivity, over-eruption, TMJ symptoms, poor aesthetics, reduced oral hygiene) · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis · Minimum 3 months (planned) Occlusal interventions for periodontitis in adults (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Ultrasonic instrumentation used alone (any ultrasonic device designed specifically for root canal treatment and capable of the active or passive removal of dentine within the root canal) vs Hand instrumentation used alone (files and reamers used manually) Outcome NR · People over 18 years of age with single or multiple permanent teeth with a completely formed apex and no evidence of… Hand and ultrasonic instrumentation for orthograde root canal treatment of permanent teeth (2008) · Cochrane | No eligible randomised controlled trials were identified. | NR | No studies |