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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,344 questions in 217 reviews · Oral Health
current versionsNo studies 1,344 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Occlusal intervention as an adjunct to periodontal therapy vs Sham (placebo) occlusal intervention as an adjunct to periodontal therapy Outcome NR · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis · Minimum 3 months (planned) Occlusal interventions for periodontitis in adults (2008) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Systemic oral acyclovir vs Placebo or no treatment Quality of life (assessed by a validated questionnaire) · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis) Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (2008) · Cochrane | No data were available in either included study (Amir 1997b; Ducoulombier 1988). | NR | No studies |
Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Placebo or no treatment Relief of dysphagia · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment (2007) · Cochrane | No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review | NR | No studies |
Prefabricated metal post and core (Category II) vs Metal custom-cast post and core (Category I) Outcome NR · Participants with permanent endodontically-treated (root-filled) teeth for which a post is indicated to retain the… · Minimum 6 months (planned) Root canal posts for the restoration of root filled teeth (2007) · Cochrane | No included trial compared metal-cast posts with prefabricated metal posts (a planned primary comparison); no eligible study identified. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological interventions (benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, beta blockers, dopamine agents, antidepressants, botulinum toxin A and B, analgesics) Outcome NR · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Pharmacological interventions remained a planned comparator, but no included trial compared occlusal splint with any drug; no eligible study. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Behaviour therapy (sleep hygiene, relaxation, psychotherapy, hypnosis, biofeedback) Outcome NR · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Behaviour therapy remained a planned comparator, but no included trial compared occlusal splint with behaviour therapy; no eligible study. | 0 studies | No studies |
Metal post of one alloy type vs Metal post of a different alloy type Outcome NR · Participants with permanent endodontically-treated (root-filled) teeth for which a post is indicated to retain the… · Minimum 6 months (planned) Root canal posts for the restoration of root filled teeth (2007) · Cochrane | No included trial evaluated alloy type in metal posts (a planned secondary comparison); no eligible study identified. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Placebo or no treatment Cost of oral care · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment (2007) · Cochrane | No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review | NR | No studies |
Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Placebo or no treatment Duration of stay in hospital (days) · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment (2007) · Cochrane | No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review | NR | No studies |
Occlusal splint vs Placebo Outcome NR · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis… Occlusal splints for treating sleep bruxism (tooth grinding) (2007) · Cochrane | Placebo remained a planned comparator in the review methods (Types of interventions), but none of the five included trials compared occlusal splint with placebo; no eligible study. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Placebo or no treatment Patient quality of life · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment (2007) · Cochrane | No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review | NR | No studies |
Cast post and core with a diaphragm vs Cast post and core without a diaphragm Outcome NR · Participants with permanent endodontically-treated (root-filled) teeth for which a post is indicated to retain the… · Minimum 6 months (planned) Root canal posts for the restoration of root filled teeth (2007) · Cochrane | No included trial evaluated the presence of a diaphragm in cast posts (a planned secondary comparison); no eligible study identified. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Placebo or no treatment Amount of analgesia · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment (2007) · Cochrane | No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review | NR | No studies |
Post and core restoration with a ferrule vs Post and core restoration without a ferrule Outcome NR · Participants with permanent endodontically-treated (root-filled) teeth for which a post is indicated to retain the… · Minimum 6 months (planned) Root canal posts for the restoration of root filled teeth (2007) · Cochrane | No included trial evaluated the presence of a ferrule (a planned secondary comparison); no eligible study identified. | 0 studies | No studies |
Antifungal drugs absorbed from GI tract (fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole) vs Placebo or no treatment Relief of pain · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both Interventions for preventing oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment (2007) · Cochrane | No trial reported this planned secondary outcome for any comparison in this review | NR | No studies |
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery) Aesthetics (patient's opinion) · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved… Guided tissue regeneration for periodontal infra-bony defects (2006) · Cochrane | No data were found for this outcome (listed under 'Other outcomes: No data were found for the following outcomes'). | 0 studies | No studies |
Tongue scraping (mechanical tongue cleaning) vs Placebo or no intervention (nothing) Outcome NR · Adults (over 18 years) with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis · Minimum 4 weeks (planned) Tongue scraping for treating halitosis (2006) · Cochrane | No eligible randomized controlled trials comparing tongue scraping with placebo or no intervention were identified. | 0 studies | No studies |
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery) Cost/benefit (treatment time plus estimated material costs) · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved… Guided tissue regeneration for periodontal infra-bony defects (2006) · Cochrane | No data were found for this outcome (listed under 'Other outcomes: No data were found for the following outcomes'). | 0 studies | No studies |
Tongue scraper or tongue cleaner (One Drop Only tongue cleaner; Tongue-Putzer scraper; polystyrene scraper) vs Toothbrush (used to clean the tongue) Self-expressed (perceived) or organoleptic (human nose) assessment of halitosis · Adults (over 18 years) with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis · Minimum 4 weeks (planned) Tongue scraping for treating halitosis (2006) · Cochrane | Neither of the two included trials provided any self expressed (perceived) or organoleptic (human nose) assessments of halitosis (the review's primary outcomes); no data. | 0 studies | No studies |
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery) Disease recurrence (% sites with >=2 mm loss of probing attachment from 12 months after treatment) · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved… Guided tissue regeneration for periodontal infra-bony defects (2006) · Cochrane | No data were found for this outcome (listed under 'Other outcomes: No data were found for the following outcomes'). | 0 studies | No studies |
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with barrier membrane (resorbable or non-resorbable) vs Open flap debridement (access flap surgery) Ease of maintenance (% of sites with <4 mm probing depth) · Patients with chronic periodontitis (aged 21 years or older) with periodontal infra-bony defects; furcation-involved… Guided tissue regeneration for periodontal infra-bony defects (2006) · Cochrane | No data were found for this outcome (listed under 'Other outcomes: No data were found for the following outcomes'). | 0 studies | No studies |
Tongue scraping (mechanical tongue cleaning) vs Mouthwash or other chemical intervention Outcome NR · Adults (over 18 years) with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis · Minimum 4 weeks (planned) Tongue scraping for treating halitosis (2006) · Cochrane | No randomized controlled trials comparing mechanical tongue cleaning with mouthwashes were identified; the review notes "the somewhat unexpected lack of randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of… | 0 studies | No studies |
Lingualised teeth (maxillary anatomic + mandibular non-anatomic; lingualised occlusion scheme) vs Zero-degree teeth (non-anatomic, cuspless) Patient perceived comfort · Edentulous adult patients requiring complete dentures Interventions for replacing missing teeth: denture chewing surface designs in edentulous people (2005) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lingualised teeth (maxillary anatomic + mandibular non-anatomic; lingualised occlusion scheme) vs Zero-degree teeth (non-anatomic, cuspless) Patient perceived masticatory/chewing efficiency · Edentulous adult patients requiring complete dentures Interventions for replacing missing teeth: denture chewing surface designs in edentulous people (2005) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lingualised teeth (maxillary anatomic + mandibular non-anatomic; lingualised occlusion scheme) vs Zero-degree teeth (non-anatomic, cuspless) Patient perceived masticatory/chewing function · Edentulous adult patients requiring complete dentures Interventions for replacing missing teeth: denture chewing surface designs in edentulous people (2005) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Adverse reactions · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Planned outcome; no adverse-reaction data were reported by the included trial. | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone Enamel fluorosis (adverse effect) · Children or adolescents aged 16 years or less Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride… (2004) · Cochrane | Fluorosis data have not been reported in any of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Pain following treatment · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Planned outcome; pain following treatment was not reported by the included trial (earlier trial publications reported treatment times, not pain). | 0 studies | No studies |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Cost of treatment · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Planned outcome; cost of treatment was not reported by the included trial. | 0 studies | No studies |
Ozone applied to the carious lesion (10 or 40 seconds), with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice vs No ozone, with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice (as in the intervention group) Further conventional dental treatment (filling and drilling) (binary yes/no) · People of any age with caries (including demineralisation in non-cavitated carious lesions); the caries may affect any… Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries (2004) · Cochrane | Data were not provided by any study on the number of lesions requiring restorations to 6 months or later; no data on any further conventional treatment or other dental interventions. | NR | No studies |
Ozone applied to the carious lesion (10 or 40 seconds), with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice vs No ozone, with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice (as in the intervention group) Cost · People of any age with caries (including demineralisation in non-cavitated carious lesions); the caries may affect any… Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries (2004) · Cochrane | No data were provided in any of the included trials on costs. | NR | No studies |
Ozone applied to the carious lesion (10 or 40 seconds), with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice vs No ozone, with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice (as in the intervention group) Pain (assessed by the patient) · People of any age with caries (including demineralisation in non-cavitated carious lesions); the caries may affect any… Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries (2004) · Cochrane | No data were provided in any of the included trials on pain. | NR | No studies |
Ozone applied to the carious lesion (10 or 40 seconds), with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice vs No ozone, with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice (as in the intervention group) Time to intervention · People of any age with caries (including demineralisation in non-cavitated carious lesions); the caries may affect any… Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries (2004) · Cochrane | No data were provided in any of the included trials on time to intervention. | NR | No studies |
Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer Colour match (aesthetic achievement) · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains (2004) · Cochrane | Planned outcome; colour match was not reported by the single included trial (Meijering 1998). | 0 studies | No studies |
Ceramic inlays (all types) vs Composite resin inlay Outcome NR · Adults who require restorative treatment in posterior teeth Ceramic inlays for restoring posterior teeth (2003) · Cochrane | One randomised controlled trial (Gladys 1995) compared ceramic and resin composite inlays over 3 years, but it was excluded because the study design (parallel-group or split-mouth) was not clearly described; no… | 0 studies | No studies |
Ceramic inlays (all types) vs Amalgam Outcome NR · Adults who require restorative treatment in posterior teeth Ceramic inlays for restoring posterior teeth (2003) · Cochrane | No eligible randomised controlled trial comparing ceramic inlays with amalgam restorations was identified; this planned comparison could not be evaluated. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal adjustment (OA) vs Placebo Psychosocial outcomes · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with clinically diagnosed temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders (2003) · Cochrane | There were no data on psychosocial outcomes, costs or quality of life in any of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoride toothpaste vs Placebo (non-fluoride) toothpaste Enamel fluorosis (adverse effect) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less · At least 1 year Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2003) · Cochrane | Fluorosis data have not been reported in any of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Ceramic inlays (all types) vs Gold inlay Aesthetic satisfaction (colour match) · Adults who require restorative treatment in posterior teeth Ceramic inlays for restoring posterior teeth (2003) · Cochrane | Information on aesthetic satisfaction could not be obtained from this study as it did not use the tooth-coloured restorations as the control group. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal adjustment (OA) vs Placebo Quality of life · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with clinically diagnosed temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders (2003) · Cochrane | There were no data on psychosocial outcomes, costs or quality of life in any of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs Placebo or no treatment Dental fluorosis · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or younger Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and… (2003) · Cochrane | Fluorosis data have not been reported in any of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal adjustment (OA) vs Placebo Adverse events · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with clinically diagnosed temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders (2003) · Cochrane | There were no reports of adverse reactions. | 0 studies | No studies |
Occlusal adjustment (OA) vs Placebo Cost · Adults (aged 18 years or older) with clinically diagnosed temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders (2003) · Cochrane | There were no data on psychosocial outcomes, costs or quality of life in any of the trials. | 0 studies | No studies |
Ceramic inlays (all types) vs Composite resin (direct restoration) Outcome NR · Adults who require restorative treatment in posterior teeth Ceramic inlays for restoring posterior teeth (2003) · Cochrane | No eligible randomised controlled trial comparing ceramic inlays with composite resin (direct) restorations was identified; this planned comparison could not be evaluated. | 0 studies | No studies |