Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first. Each row links to its question's own page, which gathers every review that asked it, however worded; see the questions asked by more than one review.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

15,213 questions in 2,394 reviews

current versions
No studies 15,213 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Resolution of hordeolum between 8 and 30 days after diagnosis, or that closest to 14 days after diagnosis · people with acute hordeolum
Acupuncture for acute hordeolum (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Proportion of participants who lost two or more lines of best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) · participants aged 18‐60 years with myopia ranging in severity up to 12 diopters (D)
Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Postoperative pain score: 1 year · participants aged 18‐60 years with myopia ranging in severity up to 12 diopters (D)
Laser‐assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) versus laser‐assisted in‐situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
All‐cause mortalitye · patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism
Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Strokeg · patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism
Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Myocardial infarction · patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism
Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
VTE‐related mortalitya · patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism
Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Outcomes · people with confirmed diagnosis of Marfan syndrome
Beta‐blockers for preventing aortic dissection in Marfan syndrome (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Proportion of participants requiring secondary procedures · children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO)
Probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Complications · children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO)
Probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adverse events · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Leaving the study early · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Economic costs · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
(b) Change in the frequency of defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
(c) Change in straining at defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
(d) Change in the frequency of lumpy or hard stools · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
(e) Change in the frequency of manual manoeuvres to facilitate defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Need for rescue medication · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Presence of antipsychotic‐related constipation complications such as bowel obstruction · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Quality of life (changed to any extent) · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adverse events · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Leaving the study early · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Economic costs · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
(b) Change in the frequency of defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
(c) Change in straining at defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
(d) Change in the frequency of lumpy or hard stools · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
(e) Change in the frequency of manual manoeuvres to facilitate defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
(b) Change in the frequency of defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Need for rescue medication · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Presence of antipsychotic‐related constipation complications such as bowel obstruction · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Quality of life (changed to any extent) · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Leaving the study early · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Economic costs · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
(c) Change in straining at defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
(d) Change in the frequency of lumpy or hard stools · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
(e) Change in the frequency of manual manoeuvres to facilitate defecation · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Need for rescue medication · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Presence of antipsychotic‐related constipation complications such as bowel obstruction · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Quality of life (changed to any extent) · antipsychotic‐related constipation
Pharmacological treatment for antipsychotic‐related constipation (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
*CI: Confidence interval · breast cancer survivors
Home‐based multidimensional survivorship programmes for breast cancer survivors (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Uptake ‐ not measured · General population for prevalence outcomes. Adult smokers for tobacco consumption outcomes.
Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Relapse ‐ not measured · General population for prevalence outcomes. Adult smokers for tobacco consumption outcomes.
Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Cessation ‐ not measured · General population for prevalence outcomes. Adult smokers for tobacco consumption outcomes.
Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Proportion of participants undergoing retreatment for urinary stones · children with idiopathic urinary calculi treated with shockwave lithotripsy
Medical and dietary interventions for preventing recurrent urinary stones in children (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adverse events · people with patellofemoral pain syndrome
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Adverse events ‐ not measured · people with patellofemoral pain syndrome1
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Knee pain (short term: < 3 months) · people with patellofemoral pain syndrome
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Knee pain (longer term: > 3 months) · people with patellofemoral pain syndrome
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Knee function (longer term: > 3 months) · people with patellofemoral pain syndrome
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for patellofemoral pain syndrome (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Change in the prevalence of cataract blindness · people with vision impairment caused by cataract
Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low‐ and… (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies