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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
321 questions in 77 reviews · Dental caries
current versionsNo studies 321 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Chlorhexidine varnish Adverse effects · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome in this comparison | 0 studies | No studies |
High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines dmft index score · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes,… Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood… (2024) · Cochrane | dmft was listed in the SoF table but not assessed (not reported for this comparison). | 0 studies | No studies |
SDF (given at a particular frequency, concentration, or duration) vs SDF (given at a different frequency, concentration, or duration) Primary caries prevention · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy (2400 IU/day from pregnancy week 24 to 1 week postpartum, in addition to the recommended 400 IU/day) vs Low-dose (standard) vitamin D supplementation as recommended in national pregnancy guidelines dmfs index score · For interventions, pregnant women, mothers or other caregivers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes,… Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood… (2024) · Cochrane | dmfs was listed in the SoF table but not assessed (not reported for this comparison). | 0 studies | No studies |
SDF (given at a particular frequency, concentration, or duration) vs SDF (given at a different frequency, concentration, or duration) Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions) Topical silver diamine fluoride (SDF) for preventing and managing dental caries in children and adults (2024) · Cochrane | No studies reported data for this outcome | 0 studies | No studies |
Original development of CAMBRA (Caries Management by Risk Assessment) or CAT (Caries-risk Assessment Tool) multivariable models vs Not applicable Model development with reported performance measures (per CHARMS) · Individuals of any age at risk of caries increment · Model development studies Multivariable prediction models of caries increment: a systematic review and critical appraisal. (2023) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy vs Chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) Disease-free survival · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer · oral cavity Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Disease-free survival: not reported (Iyer 2015). | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery plus radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone Locoregional recurrence · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Locoregional recurrence: not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery plus radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone Disease-free survival · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Disease-free survival: not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Elective radical (comprehensive) neck dissection vs Elective selective neck dissection Locoregional recurrence · Adults with oral cavity cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Locoregional recurrence: not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery vs Radiotherapy alone Locoregional recurrence · Adults with oropharyngeal cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Locoregional recurrence: not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery plus radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone Recurrence · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Recurrence: not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy vs Chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) Adverse events associated with treatment · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Adverse events: not reported for any participants (Iyer 2015). | 0 studies | No studies |
Superselective neck dissection vs Selective neck dissection Total mortality · Adults with oral cavity cancer (tongue or floor of mouth) and clinically negative neck nodes Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Total mortality: not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Supraomohyoid neck dissection vs Modified radical neck dissection Disease-free survival · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Disease-free survival: not reported (Guo 2014 reported disease-specific survival, not a review outcome). | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy vs Chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) Recurrence · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer · oral cavity Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Recurrence: not reported for the oral cancer subgroup (Iyer 2015). | 0 studies | No studies |
Surgery vs Radiotherapy alone Recurrence · Adults with oropharyngeal cancer Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Recurrence: not reported. | 0 studies | No studies |
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) vs Any (current minimally invasive techniques) Not applicable (no eligible studies) · Adults with coronal (crown) dental caries in permanent teeth A systematic review on the effect of silver diamine fluoride for management of dental caries in permanent… (2023) | The review states there was a lack of studies on the effects of SDF on coronal caries in adults; included adult studies addressed only root caries. | 0 studies | No studies |
Superselective neck dissection vs Selective neck dissection Recurrence · Adults with oral cavity cancer (tongue or floor of mouth) and clinically negative neck nodes Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment (2023) · Cochrane | Recurrence: outcome not reported in a usable way in either study. | 0 studies | No studies |
Living with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART) vs Healthy HIV-negative controls Kaposi's sarcoma (WHO clinical stage 4) · Children and adolescents (<18 years) · Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point) Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A… (2022) | Planned WHO stage 4 outcome; no eligible studies (Table 2 lists 'None'). | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoride-releasing resin-based sealant vs Resin-based sealant Adverse events · Children with caries-free second primary molars, aged 4-8 years (dental clinic, Turkey and Spain) Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Responsive complementary feeding (RCF) vs Other models of complementary feeding Hypertension · Healthy children aged 6–24 months in Western industrialized countries Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other… (2022) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Glass ionomer-based sealant vs Resin-based sealant (fluoride-releasing or non-fluoride-releasing) Progression of non-cavitated enamel caries · 'Healthy' children with caries-free second primary molars, aged 3-5 years (schools and kindergartens, India and China) Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) vs Monotherapy or dual antiretroviral therapy Angular cheilitis prevalence · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH) Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Oral Health among Children Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and… (2022) | No eligible studies compared angular cheilitis between CLWH on different ART medications. | 0 studies | No studies |
Responsive complementary feeding (RCF) vs Other models of complementary feeding Choking events · Healthy children aged 6–24 months in Western industrialized countries Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other… (2022) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Glass ionomer-based sealant vs No sealant Adverse events · Children with caries-free primary first molars (with or without caries on other teeth), aged 1-5 years (paediatric… Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Responsive complementary feeding (RCF) / other caregivers' feeding practices vs Other models of complementary feeding (traditional/non-responsive CF) Type 2 diabetes (later in life) · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western… · Later in life Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other… (2022) | No studies on the influence of caregivers' feeding practices during complementary feeding on type 2 diabetes later in life were identified. | 0 studies | No studies |
Responsive complementary feeding (RCF) vs Other models of complementary feeding Dental caries · Healthy children aged 6–24 months in Western industrialized countries Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other… (2022) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoride-releasing resin-based sealant vs Resin-based sealant Progression of non-cavitated enamel caries · Children with caries-free second primary molars, aged 4-8 years (dental clinic, Turkey and Spain) Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Autopolymerised sealant vs Light polymerised sealant Adverse events · Children with sound primary molars, aged 2-4 years (municipal dental clinics or hospital paediatric clinics, Denmark) Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Flowable resin composite vs Fluoride-releasing resin-based sealant Adverse events · Children who were regular dental attenders with caries-free first or second primary molars (public health service… Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoride-releasing resin-based sealant vs No sealant (no treatment) Adverse events · Children with caries-free or non-cavitated carious lesion primary molars, aged 3-7 years (paediatric department,… Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Flowable resin composite vs Fluoride-releasing resin-based sealant Progression of non-cavitated enamel caries · Children who were regular dental attenders with caries-free first or second primary molars (public health service… Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) vs Monotherapy or dual antiretroviral therapy Dental development and maturation · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH) Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Oral Health among Children Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and… (2022) | No eligible studies compared dental development and maturation between CLWH on different ART medications. | 0 studies | No studies |
Bio-active restorative materials vs Other restorative approaches Clinical effectiveness · Children with carious primary teeth · At least 12 months Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious primary teeth without pulp… (2022) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Living with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART) vs Healthy HIV-negative controls Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis (WHO clinical stage 3) · Children and adolescents (<18 years) · Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point) Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A… (2022) | Planned WHO stage 3 outcome; no eligible studies (Table 2 lists 'None'). | 0 studies | No studies |
Living with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART) vs Healthy HIV-negative controls Chronic herpes simplex infection (WHO clinical stage 4) · Children and adolescents (<18 years) · Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point) Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A… (2022) | Planned WHO stage 4 outcome; no eligible studies (Table 2 lists 'None'). | 0 studies | No studies |
Bio-active restorative materials (containing bio-active compounds) vs Any conventional restorative material Treatment failure (planned; no eligible studies) · Children with carious primary teeth after vital or non-vital pulp therapy Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious lesions in pulp treated… (2022) | No studies were found that reported on the use of restorative materials containing bio-active compounds for the restoration of carious primary teeth after vital or non-vital pulp therapy. | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoride-containing dental care products / fluoride intake vs Male vs female Sex/gender differences in fluoride intake or dental-care-product contribution · Participants stratified by sex/gender (especially young children) Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review. (2022) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Responsive complementary feeding (RCF) / other caregivers' feeding practices vs Other models of complementary feeding (traditional/non-responsive CF) Hypertension (later in life) · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western… · Later in life Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other… (2022) | No studies on the influence of caregivers' feeding practices during complementary feeding on hypertension later in life were identified. | 0 studies | No studies |
Flowable resin composite vs Fluoride-releasing resin-based sealant Development of >=1 new carious lesion (caries incidence) · Children who were regular dental attenders with caries-free first or second primary molars (public health service… Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
New restorative materials with bio-active molecules (bio-active materials, BM) vs Any restorative material or technique Not applicable (no eligible studies) · Children with carious primary teeth (no pulp therapy) Clinical effectiveness of restorative materials for the restoration of carious primary teeth without pulp… (2022) | The search retrieved no randomized controlled trials on the clinical effectiveness of new bio-active restorative materials for carious primary teeth. | 0 studies | No studies |
Responsive / non-responsive complementary feeding (RCF/NRCF) vs Other models of complementary feeding Choking · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western… · Infancy Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other… (2022) | No SRs or studies relevant to the risk of choking were found that included NRCF or RCF approaches other than those specifically defined as BLW or BLISS. | 0 studies | No studies |
Autopolymerised sealant vs Light polymerised sealant Progression of non-cavitated enamel caries · Children with sound primary molars, aged 2-4 years (municipal dental clinics or hospital paediatric clinics, Denmark) Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported on this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) vs Monotherapy or dual antiretroviral therapy Oral hairy leukoplakia prevalence · Children and adolescents (<18 years) living with HIV (CLWH) Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Oral Health among Children Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and… (2022) | No eligible studies compared oral hairy leukoplakia between CLWH on different ART medications. | 0 studies | No studies |
Food and nonalcoholic beverage marketing (exposure) vs No, less, or less powerful food marketing Diet-related noncommunicable diseases · Children and adolescents aged 0-19 years Association of Food and Nonalcoholic Beverage Marketing With Children and Adolescents' Eating Behaviors and… (2022) | No studies were found with relevant data on diet-related noncommunicable diseases or validated surrogate indicators. | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoride-containing dental care products (toothpaste) vs Dietary/other fluoride sources Contribution of dental care products to total fluoride exposure · Pregnant and lactating women Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review. (2022) | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Responsive complementary feeding (RCF) / other caregivers' feeding practices vs Other models of complementary feeding (traditional/non-responsive CF) Dental caries (later in life) · Healthy, term-born, normal-birth-weight infants aged 4-24 months (breastfed and/or formula-fed) in Western… · Later in life Complementary Feeding Caregivers' Practices and Growth, Risk of Overweight/Obesity, and Other… (2022) | No studies on the influence of caregivers' feeding practices during complementary feeding on dental caries later in life were identified. | 0 studies | No studies |
Glass ionomer-based sealant vs No sealant Progression of non-cavitated enamel caries · Children with caries-free primary first molars (with or without caries on other teeth), aged 1-5 years (paediatric… Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |
Fluoride-releasing resin-based sealant vs No sealant (no treatment) Progression of non-cavitated enamel caries · Children with caries-free or non-cavitated carious lesion primary molars, aged 3-7 years (paediatric department,… Sealants for preventing dental caries in primary teeth (2022) · Cochrane | No studies reported this outcome. | 0 studies | No studies |