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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
557 questions in 64 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care
current versionsNo studies 557 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Patient perspective · vulnerable and general populations Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Insurer perspective (expenditures on health care) · low‐income/general population Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Healthcare utilisation · low‐income/general population Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Overall healthcare utilisation · low‐income/general population Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health outcomes · low‐income/general population Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Medicine use · general population Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cost · general population Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Patient perspective · general population Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Insurer perspective (expenditures on health care) · general population Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Healthcare utilisation · general population Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Overall healthcare utilisation · general population Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Health outcomes · general population Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Insurer perspective (expenditures on health care) · vulnerable and general populations Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Healthcare utilisation · vulnerable and general populations Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chronic disease management vs usual care Number of hospitalisations per patient ‐ not reported · adults with asthma Chronic disease management programmes for adults with asthma (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chronic disease management vs usual care Number of emergency room or unscheduled visits ‐ not reported · adults with asthma Chronic disease management programmes for adults with asthma (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chronic disease management vs usual care Asthma exacerbations ‐ not measured · adults with asthma Chronic disease management programmes for adults with asthma (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Chronic disease management vs usual care Days off work ‐ not measured · adults with asthma Chronic disease management programmes for adults with asthma (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · Adults (including pregnant women) and children Strategies to increase the ownership and use of insecticide‐treated bednets to prevent malaria (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Index pricing vs no index pricing Healthcare utilisation · Norwegian citizens taking one of the following drugs: citalopram (depression), omeprazol (antiulcer), cetirizin… Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Index pricing vs no index pricing Health outcomes · Norwegian citizens taking one of the following drugs: citalopram (depression), omeprazol (antiulcer), cetirizin… Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Index pricing vs no index pricing Adverse events · Norwegian citizens taking one of the following drugs: citalopram (depression), omeprazol (antiulcer), cetirizin… Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Index pricing vs no index pricing CI: Confidence interval · Norwegian citizens taking one of the following drugs: citalopram (depression), omeprazol (antiulcer), cetirizin… Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Maximum prices vs no maximum prices Drug prices · Patients taking statins Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Maximum prices vs no maximum prices Healthcare utilisation · Patients taking statins Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Maximum prices vs no maximum prices Health outcomes · Patients taking statins Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Maximum prices vs no maximum prices Drug use · Patients taking statins Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Maximum prices vs no maximum prices Adverse events · Patients taking statins Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Maximum prices vs no maximum prices CI: Confidence interval · Patients taking statins Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Reference pricing policy vs no reference pricing Healthcare utilisation · Patients with drug insurance Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Reference pricing policy vs no reference pricing Health outcomes · Patients with drug insurance Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Reference pricing policy vs no reference pricing Adverse events · Patients with drug insurance Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Index pricing vs no index pricing Drug expenditures · Norwegian citizens taking one of the following drugs: citalopram (depression), omeprazol (antiulcer), cetirizin… Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Information and application support vs no intervention Outcomes (11‐month · Children with no health insurance Strategies for expanding health insurance coverage in vulnerable populations (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Handing out applications in emergency departments of hospitals vs no intervention Outcomes (90 days · Children with no health insurance Strategies for expanding health insurance coverage in vulnerable populations (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Patient outcome · Health professionals Educational games for health professionals (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Professional behavior (process of care outcomes) · Health professionals Educational games for health professionals (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Population health outcomes · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Efficiency of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Equity of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR District manager job‐posting vacancy rates · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR District managers’ knowledge · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Access to health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR District managers’ skills · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Utilization of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Efficiency of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Equity of health care · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR District manager job‐posting vacancy rates · health outcomes Interventions for hiring, retaining and training district health systems managers in low‐ and middle‐income… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |