What do systematic reviews say?

Pain (VAS 0 to 100) · adults with CRPS II

Pain (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine

Pain (not measured) · infants aged approximately 2 to 6 months undergoing vaccination in the anterolateral thigh with a DTwP‐Hib vaccine

Pain‐free at 1 hour · adults with episodic tension‐type headache

Pain‐free at 2 hours · adults with episodic tension‐type headache

Pain‐free at 30 mins · adults with cluster headache

Observer‐reported pain · children aged 3‐16 years with chronic illness (cancer) or generally healthy undergoing bone marrow aspirations, lumbar punctures,…

Behavioral measures‐ pain · children aged 6‐15 years who are generally healthy, undergoing surgery, or have leukemia undergoing venipuncture or lumbar puncture

Behavioral measures‐ pain · children aged 3‐17 years who are generally healthy or have chronic illness undergoing intramuscular injection, immunization, or venipuncture

Behavioral measures‐ pain · children aged 3‐18 years with chronic illness (leukemia) undergoing lumbar puncture

Sustained pain‐free at 24 h · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain

Sustained pain‐free at 24 h · adults with migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain

Sustained pain‐free at 24 h · migraine headache ‐ moderate or severe pain

At least 50% reduction in pain · adults with neuropathic pain (3 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia)

At least 30% reduction in pain · adults with neuropathic pain (3 studies in painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia)

At least 30% reduction in pain · adults with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (lower limb)

Relief of pain · people with moderate to severe cancer pain

Relief of pain · people with moderate to severe cancer pain

Relief of pain · adults with neuropathic pain

Relief of pain · adults with neuropathic pain