What do systematic reviews say?

Any intervention to manage relapse: fixed options (labial braces, lingual braces, fixed lingual wire) or removable options (Hawley's retainer with spring elastomeric module, Bloore removable aligner, other Hawley's retainer modifications, Invisalign, Clearstep) vs no intervention or another intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this review. After deduplication, the electronic searching identified 527 publications; after reviewing the titles and abstracts, none focused on interventions to correct the…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Another (different) intraoral distalising appliance

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Number of attendances required to complete treatment was not reported by these studies.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Transbond Plus self etching primer (3M Unitek) vs Clearfil Protect Bond self etching primer (Kuraray Medical)

• Enamel etching for bonding fixed orthodontic braces 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Self etching primers versus self etching primers: Two split-mouth studies compared two different SEPs (Noble 2006; Paschos 2009). The failure rates were reported at tooth level rather than at participant level. We…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Any intervention to manage relapse: fixed options (labial braces, lingual braces, fixed lingual wire) or removable options (Hawley's retainer with spring elastomeric module, Bloore removable aligner, other Hawley's retainer modifications, Invisalign, Clearstep) vs no intervention or another intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this review. After deduplication, the electronic searching identified 527 publications; after reviewing the titles and abstracts, none focused on interventions to correct the…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Orthodontic distalising appliance (intraoral or extraoral) vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Duration of treatment was not reported in the studies of the appliance-versus-untreated-control comparison ("Duration of treatment, non-compliance, number of attendances required to complete treatment and adverse…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Self etching primer (one-step etchant-and-primer technique) vs Conventional etchants (two-step etch and prime method using 37% phosphoric acid)

Self etching primers (one-step etchant and primer system) showed no clear difference in bond failure rate compared with conventional etchants (two-step etch and prime method using 37%… (low certainty).

• Enamel etching for bonding fixed orthodontic braces 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 to 37 months
  RR 1.14 [0.75, 1.73]
  5 studies · 221 participants
  Low

Orthodontic distalising appliance (intraoral or extraoral) vs no intervention

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF table 1. Assumed risk "Not estimated"; Corresponding risk "Not estimated"; Relative effect "Meta-analysis not appropriate". Comment: "No pooled estimate due to different types of appliances (First Class and…
  2 studies · 74 participants
  Low

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

It is very uncertain whether intraoral distalising appliance changes movement of upper first molars (mm) compared with headgear (extraoral appliance) (very low certainty).

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -1.45 [-2.74, -0.15]
  4 studies · 150 participants
  Very low

Orthodontic distalising appliance (intraoral or extraoral) vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Number of attendances required to complete treatment was not reported in the studies of this comparison (not reported by any included study across the review).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Transbond Plus self etching primer (3M Unitek) vs Clearfil Protect Bond self etching primer (Kuraray Medical)

• Enamel etching for bonding fixed orthodontic braces 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Decalcification outcomes in Paschos 2009 were reported at tooth level rather than at participant level; the evidence was insufficient to conclude whether or not there is a difference in decalcification between the…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Another (different) intraoral distalising appliance

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Duration of treatment reported by 2 studies (Altug-Atac 2008, Karacay 2006); not GRADE-rated and not in a SoF table. 3D bimetric distalising arch 3.4 months vs modified Begg intraoral distalising system 6.5 months (MD…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Transbond Plus self etching primer (3M Unitek) vs First Step self etching primer (Reliance Orthodontic Products)

• Enamel etching for bonding fixed orthodontic braces 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Noble 2006 (split-mouth) compared Transbond Plus versus First Step SEP; the bond failure rate was reported at tooth level rather than at participant level and was not amenable to analysis; the evidence was insufficient…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Antibiotics (systemic) vs No antibiotics, placebo, or a different type of antibiotic

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: luxated (dislodged) teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Minimum 12 months follow-up
  Types of antibiotics: the effect of using no antibiotics, a placebo or different types of antibiotics. Main results: No randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials were found; no study was included in this review.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Duration of treatment (to end of molar distalisation) reported by 3 studies (120 participants); not GRADE-rated and not in a SoF table. Bondemark 2005: intraoral appliance with superelastic coils 5.2 months (SD 1) vs…
  3 studies · 120 participants
  GRADE not reported

Different etching materials (phosphoric acid, polyacrylic acid, maleic acid, etc.), acid concentrations or etching times vs An alternative etching material, concentration or etching time

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Enamel etching for bonding fixed orthodontic braces 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  We identified no eligible trial that examined the effects of conventional etchants with respect to different etching concentrations or etching times for the bonding of fixed orthodontic appliances. No eligible RCTs…
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

Intraoral distalising appliance may leads to higher movement of upper incisor teeth (mm) compared with headgear (extraoral appliance) (low certainty).

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 1.82 [1.39, 2.24]
  4 studies · 150 participants
  Low

Self etching primer (one-step etchant-and-primer technique) vs Conventional etchants (two-step etch and prime method using 37% phosphoric acid)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Enamel etching for bonding fixed orthodontic braces 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Participant satisfaction: No studies assessed this outcome.
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Dental repositioning vs Spontaneous re-eruption, orthodontic repositioning, or surgical repositioning

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: luxated (dislodged) teeth 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Minimum 12 months follow-up
  Types of dental repositioning: to compare spontaneous re-eruption, orthodontic repositioning or surgical repositioning. Main results: No randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials were found; no study was…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Another (different) intraoral distalising appliance

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF table 3 (intraoral vs other intraoral appliance). Assumed risk "Not estimated"; Corresponding risk "Not estimated"; Relative effect "Meta-analysis not appropriate". Quality: very low. Comment: "No pooled estimate…
  3 studies · 93 participants
  Very low

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

Intraoral distalising appliance may leads to higher change in overjet (mm) compared with headgear (extraoral appliance) (low certainty).

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 1.64 [1.26, 2.02]
  2 studies · 70 participants
  Low