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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

5 questions · 12 findings · 2 reviews · Pain control and patient management · related questions CL0289

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 2 · 16.7%Very low 4 · 33.3%Low 3 · 25%Moderate 3 · 25%High 0 · 0%

Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) vs placebo or control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) probably leads to lower pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with control (placebo or no treatment) (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Ibuprofen taken pre-emptively (about 1 hour before treatment) vs Ibuprofen taken post-treatment

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

It is very uncertain whether ibuprofen taken pre-emptively (about 1 hour before treatment) changes pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with ibuprofen taken post-treatment (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

NSAID (systemic) vs paracetamol

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

NSAID (systemic) showed no clear difference in pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with paracetamol (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Topical NSAID (ketoprofen chewing gum) vs Local anaesthetic (benzocaine chewing gum)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

It is very uncertain whether topical NSAID (ketoprofen chewing gum) changes pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with local anaesthetic (benzocaine chewing gum) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

At least 50% reduction in pain · Patients requiring surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth or teeth, with baseline moderate to severe pain (surgery under local…

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… led to higher achieving at least 50% pain relief at 4 hours (using pain intensity… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review