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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
82 questions in 16 reviews · cluster CL0286
current versionsNo studies 34 · 41.5%Ungraded 33 · 40.2%Very low 15 · 18.3%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Periodontal treatment: scaling and root planing (SRP) plus advice vs Community care: advice only Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) · People with cardiovascular disease and chronic periodontitis · 12 months Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2022) · Cochrane | Serum hs-CRP tested at one year; as loss to follow-up was almost 90%, data not considered useful for analysis (no usable estimate). | 1 study · 37 participants | Ungraded |
Rubber dam vs No rubber dam Reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during restorative procedures at operator's submental region (RCT) · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious… (2020) · Cochrane | MD 0.52 [-0.11, 1.16] | 1 study · 47 participants | Ungraded |
Rubber dam vs No rubber dam Reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during restorative procedures at operator's occiput (RCT) · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious… (2020) · Cochrane | MD 0.77 [-0.46, 2.00] | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
Rubber dam vs No rubber dam Reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during restorative procedures at 2 metres from mouth (RCT) · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious… (2020) · Cochrane | MD -11.70 [-15.82, -7.58] | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Rubber dam vs No rubber dam Reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during restorative procedures at 2 metres from mouth (CCT) · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious… (2020) · Cochrane | MD -2.80 [-4.65, -0.95] | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Rubber dam vs No rubber dam Reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during restorative procedures at 1 metre from mouth (CCT) · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious… (2020) · Cochrane | MD -10.10 [-19.72, -0.48] | 1 study · 20 participants | Ungraded |
Rubber dam vs No rubber dam Reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during restorative procedures at operator's left ear (RCT) · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious… (2020) · Cochrane | MD 0.96 [-0.08, 2.00] | 1 study · 47 participants | Ungraded |
Rubber dam vs No rubber dam Reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during restorative procedures at operator's forehead (RCT) · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious… (2020) · Cochrane | MD 0.98 [-0.73, 2.70] | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
Rubber dam + HVE vs Cotton roll + HVE Reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during restorative procedures at dental unit light · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious… (2020) · Cochrane | MD -12.70 [-12.85, -12.55] | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Rubber dam vs No rubber dam Reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during restorative procedures at 1 metre from mouth (RCT) · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious… (2020) · Cochrane | MD -16.20 [-19.36, -13.04] | 1 study · 10 participants | Very low |
Rubber dam + HVE vs Cotton roll + HVE Reduction in level of contamination in aerosols (CFU) during restorative procedures at participant's chest · People undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) in a dental setting Interventions to reduce contaminated aerosols produced during dental procedures for preventing infectious… (2020) · Cochrane | MD -251.00 [-267.95, -234.05] | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Acupressure at P6 point with thumb vs Sham (dummy) acupressure Completion of dental procedure · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.50, 1.46] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture at P6 point vs Sham acupuncture Successful completion of dental procedure · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.78 [1.05, 3.01] | 2 studies · 59 participants | Very low |
Acupressure at P6 point with device plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation Completion of dental procedure · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.90, 1.48] | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Acupressure at P6 point with device vs Sham (dummy) acupressure Completion of dental procedure · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.63 [1.33, 5.18] | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture at P6 point with sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupuncture with sedation Completion of dental procedure · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.91, 1.28] | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Acupressure at P6 point with sea band plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation Completion of dental procedure · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.67, 1.17] | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Acupressure at P6 point with sea band vs Sham (dummy) acupressure Completion of dental procedure · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.80 [0.63, 5.16] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Acupressure at P6 point with thumb plus sedation vs Sham (dummy) acupressure with sedation Completion of dental procedure · People (older than four years) classified as having gagging that interfered with dental treatment; included trials… Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.84, 1.10] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Participants' experience of the procedures · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | No data from the included studies were available. | 0 studies | No studies |
Low polymerization shrinkage resin composite (silorane, ormocer, bulk-fill or other modified-monomer composite) vs Conventional methacrylate-based resin composite Postoperative sensitivity · People with permanent posterior teeth restored with class I or II direct restorations · 12 months Meta-analysis of the clinical behavior of posterior direct resin restorations: Low polymerization shrinkage… (2018) | OR 1.65 [0.71, 3.81] | 10 studies · 970 participants | Ungraded |
GTR rm + CAF vs GTR nrm + CAF Patients' preference for a specific procedure · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | Roccuzzo 1996: all patients preferred the GTR treatment because it was a single-step procedure | 1 study | Ungraded |
Any surgical or non-surgical technique or material used for the treatment of post-extraction bleeding vs Another active intervention, placebo, or no treatment Patient-reported outcomes related to pain or discomfort during the procedure · People of any age and either gender with post-extraction bleeding, regardless of type of teeth (anterior or posterior,… Interventions for treating post‐extraction bleeding (2018) · Cochrane | No data are available as no RCTs have been conducted on interventions to treat post-extraction bleeding | 0 studies | No studies |
Low polymerization shrinkage resin composite (silorane, ormocer, bulk-fill or other modified-monomer composite) vs Conventional methacrylate-based resin composite Postoperative sensitivity · People with permanent posterior teeth restored with class I or II direct restorations · 24 months Meta-analysis of the clinical behavior of posterior direct resin restorations: Low polymerization shrinkage… (2018) | Six articles (seven experimental groups) evaluated postoperative sensitivity after 24 months; four showed no sensitivity in either group and three favored the control group, but the overall meta-analytic effect was not… | 6 studies | Ungraded |
GTR rm + CAF vs SCTG + CAF Patients' preference for a specific procedure · Adult patients with single (localised) recession-type defects (Miller Class I/II, at least 3 mm) · Short term (6 to 12 months) Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession‐type defects (2018) · Cochrane | Wang 2001: participants reported greater overall satisfaction with GTR rm than SCTG (reduced treatment time, no need for a second surgical site) | 1 study | Ungraded |
Zinc supplements (zinc sulphate, zinc gluconate, zinc picolinate, zinc acetate, or polaprezinc) vs Placebo Taste acuity improvement - objective outcome (continuous) - taste detection (cross-over trial) · Patients with taste disturbances (dysgeusia/hypogeusia; idiopathic, zinc-deficient, or secondary to chronic renal… · 6 months, Children with chronic renal failure Interventions for managing taste disturbances (2017) · Cochrane | MD 2.50 [0.93, 4.07] | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Bone substitute (anorganic bovine bone / Bio-Oss) vs A different bone substitute Augmentation procedure failure · Patients undergoing two-stage maxillary sinus augmentation · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Augmentation procedure failure 0/11 versus 0/11; none. | 1 study · 11 participants | Ungraded |
Maxillary sinus lift (augmentation) with long implants vs Short implants (5 to 8.5 mm) without sinus augmentation Augmentation procedure failure · Patients with missing teeth and an atrophic posterior maxilla, with residual bone height between 4 and 9 mm below the… · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | One bilateral augmentation failure occurred in one trial only (Felice 2011). | 1 study | Ungraded |
Rotary instruments to open the lateral sinus window vs Piezosurgery to open the lateral sinus window Augmentation procedure failure · Patients undergoing lateral-window maxillary sinus lift · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Rickert 2013 (N = 36): no augmentation procedure failures. | 1 study · 36 participants | Ungraded |
Hand mallet (osteotomes) vs Electric mallet Augmentation procedure failure · Patients undergoing one-stage crestal maxillary sinus lift without bone grafts (baseline residual bone height about… · 19 months to 3 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | Augmentation failures 0/40 versus 0/40; none. | 1 study · 80 participants | Ungraded |
Sinus lift with bone graft (granular Bio-Oss) vs Sinus lift without bone graft (Inion resorbable rigid barrier maintaining space / no bone) Augmentation procedure failure · Patients with an atrophic maxillary sinus requiring augmentation (1 to 5 mm residual bone height) · 1 year after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.48 [0.04, 5.67] | 1 study · 44 participants | Ungraded |
One-stage crestal-approach sinus lift with autogenous bone and 8 mm implants vs Lateral-window sinus lift with 50% autogenous bone/50% Bio-Oss and implants at least 10 mm long Augmentation (graft) procedure failure · Patients with 3 to 6 mm of residual bone height at the sinus floor · 5 years after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: augmentation procedures of the maxillary sinus (2014) · Cochrane | OR 0.18 [0.01, 4.01] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening Stage at diagnosis (early-stage detection) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of… · 15-year follow-up Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.70, 0.93] | 1 study · 523 participants | Ungraded |
Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening Test performance (sensitivity and specificity) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of… · 15-year follow-up Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer (2013) · Cochrane | Across the four cycles (15 years), the reported sensitivity of the visual examination in detecting oral cancer was 67.4% (188/279). No information on the specificity or the positive predictive value of the programme… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening Stage at diagnosis (early-stage detection) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of… · 15-year follow-up, High-risk individuals (tobacco and/or alcohol users) Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.71, 0.95] | 1 study · 486 participants | Ungraded |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% with EDTA 17% vs Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with MTAD Mean change in health-related quality of life or participant-expressed satisfaction with the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with MTAD final rinse vs Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with normal saline final rinse Proportion of participants with new or worsening signs/symptoms of inflammation requiring a revisit, up to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2.5% to 5.25% vs Chlorhexidine, 0.2% to 2% (solution or gel) Proportion of participants or samples with positive bacterial growth culture, up to 72 hours after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.34, 1.56] | 2 studies · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% with EDTA 17% vs Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with MTAD Proportion of participants with new or worsening signs/symptoms of inflammation requiring a revisit, up to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite 5% (also 2.5%) vs Sodium hypochlorite 1% Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain 72 hours to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% vs Normal saline Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain 72 hours to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.27, 2.5] | 1 study · 178 participants | Ungraded |
Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with MTAD final rinse vs Sodium hypochlorite 1.3% with normal saline final rinse Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite 5% vs Sodium hypochlorite 5% with proteolytic enzyme Proportion of participants with new or worsening signs/symptoms of inflammation requiring a revisit, up to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.6, 1.5] | 1 study · 166 participants | Ungraded |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% vs Normal saline Proportion of participants or samples with positive bacterial growth culture, up to 72 hours after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite 5% vs Sodium hypochlorite 5% with proteolytic enzyme Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain 72 hours to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | None of the participants in either intervention group reported moderate to severe pain persisting after day 2. | 1 study · 166 participants | Ungraded |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% with hydrogen peroxide 3% vs Normal saline Mean change in health-related quality of life or participant-expressed satisfaction with the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite 5% (also 2.5%) vs Sodium hypochlorite 1% Proportion of participants with new or worsening signs/symptoms of inflammation requiring a revisit, up to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% vs Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% with hydrogen peroxide 3% Proportion of participants with new or worsening signs/symptoms of inflammation requiring a revisit, up to 14 days after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2.5% to 5.25% vs Chlorhexidine, 0.2% to 2% (solution or gel) Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% vs Normal saline Proportion of participants with moderate to severe pain up to 6 hours after the procedure · Patients aged 14 to 78 years with mature permanent teeth (fully formed roots), single or multi-rooted, with pulpal or… Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |