Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
9 questions in 5 reviews · cluster CL0090
current versionsNo studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 7 · 77.8%Very low 0 · 0%Low 1 · 11.1%Moderate 1 · 11.1%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Orthodontic adhesives containing nano-amorphous calcium phosphate (n-ACP) particles/nanoparticles vs Conventional/control orthodontic adhesive (e.g., Transbond XT) or negative control Enamel remineralization extent · Human enamel specimens around orthodontic brackets (in vitro) · pH cycling / biofilm challenge 14 to 28 days, Overall Remineralization and anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic adhesives on enamel surrounding orthodontic… (2024) | Studies using orthodontic adhesives containing n-ACP showed statistically significant remineralization compared with control orthodontic adhesives [15, 33]. | 2 studies | Ungraded |
CPP-ACP vs CPP-ACFP Remineralization / reduction in lesion severity (change in QLF, laser fluorescence, or lesion area) · Patients with white spot lesions / early caries lesions (WSLs/ECLs), including orthodontic and non-orthodontic… Comparison of therapies of white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (2023) | SMD 0.25 [-0.24, 0.73] | 2 studies | Ungraded |
CPP-ACP vs Control (placebo / no active therapy) Remineralization / reduction in lesion severity (change in QLF, laser fluorescence, or lesion area) · Patients with white spot lesions / early caries lesions (WSLs/ECLs), including orthodontic and non-orthodontic… Comparison of therapies of white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. (2023) | SMD -0.18 [-0.49, 0.14] | 8 studies | Ungraded |
Bleaching plus fluoride, calcium, or CPP-ACP vs Bleaching without a remineralising additive Mineral loss, lesion depth, or enamel microhardness · Extracted human teeth with artificial white spot lesions · Varied or not stated Is Bleaching Effective in Managing Post-orthodontic White-spot Lesions? A Systematic Review. (2020) | no estimate extracted | 4 studies | Ungraded |
CPP-ACP agent (e.g., GC Tooth Mousse, GC Tooth Mousse Plus) vs Control (no treatment / negative control) Enamel surface microhardness · Extracted human teeth with early/artificial enamel lesions (in vitro) · 6 hours to 30 days, Vickers microhardness Evaluation of the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of white… (2019) | SMD 1.19 [0.72, 1.66] | 5 studies · 106 participants | Ungraded |
CPP-ACP agent (e.g., GC Tooth Mousse, GC Tooth Mousse Plus, MI Paste Plus) vs Control (no treatment / negative control) Enamel surface microhardness · Extracted human teeth with early/artificial enamel lesions (in vitro) · 6 hours to 30 days Evaluation of the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of white… (2019) | SMD 2.07 [1.24, 2.89] | 8 studies · 170 participants | Ungraded |
10% CPP-ACP paste vs No treatment Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface · Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth) · 9-12 mo Nonrestorative Treatments for Caries: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. (2019) | RR 1.03 [0.9, 1.18] | 3 studies · 4672 participants | Low |
10% CPP-ACP paste vs 5% NaF varnish Arrest or reversal of noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface · Children and adults with noncavitated carious lesions on any coronal surface (primary and permanent teeth) · 9-12 mo Nonrestorative Treatments for Caries: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. (2019) | RR 0.48 [0.38, 0.6] | 3 studies · 4672 participants | Moderate |
CPP-ACP agent (e.g., GC Tooth Mousse, MI Paste Plus) vs Control (no treatment / negative control) Enamel surface microhardness · Extracted human teeth with early/artificial enamel lesions (in vitro) · 5 to 7 days, Knoop microhardness Evaluation of the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of white… (2019) | SMD 3.52 [2.68, 4.36] | 3 studies · 64 participants | Ungraded |