Death or chronic lung disease · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
Supplemental vitamin A probably leads to lower death or chronic lung disease (oxygen use at 28 days) compared with no supplementation (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
Supplemental vitamin A showed no clear difference in death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with no supplementation (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk
Supplemental vitamin A showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months compared with no supplementation (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
PIPP at 30 s after heel lance Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA. A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996) · neonates with heel lance‐associated pain
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
PIPP score Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with heel lance‐associated pain
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
PIPP score Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with heel lance‐associated pain
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
NIPS score Range of scale 0‐7 A lower score = less pain Lawrence 1993 · neonates with pain associated with heel lance
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Revised NFCS Range of scale 0‐10 in term infants 0‐9 in preterm infants A lower score = less pain Grunau 1987 · neonates with pain associated with heel lance
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Revised NFCS Range of scale 0‐10 in term infants 0‐9 in preterm infants A lower score = less pain Grunau 1987 · neonates with pain associated with heel lance
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Revised NFCS Range of scale 0‐10 in term infants 0‐9 in preterm infants A lower score = less pain Grunau 1987 · neonates with pain associated with heel lance
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Total Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates (BPSN) during heel lance · neonates with pain associated with repeated heel lances
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Total Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates during recovery from heel lance · neonates with pain associated with repeated heel lances
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Total Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates during heel lance (preterm infants) · neonates with pain associated with repeated heel lances
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Total Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates during recovery (preterm infants) · neonates with pain associated with repeated heel lances
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
PIPP at 60 s after heel lance Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants >3 6 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with heel lance‐associated pain
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
NIPS score in term and preterm infants Range of scale 0‐7 A lower score = less pain Lawrence 1993 · neonates with pain associated with venipuncture
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
PIPP score during venipuncture Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with pain associated with venipuncture
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
PIPP score Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with pain associated with venipuncture
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
PIPP score during post‐injection period Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · neonates with pain associated with venipuncture
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
DAN score during venipuncture (preterm infants) Range of scale 0‐10 A lower score = less pain (Carbajal 1997) · neonates with pain associated with venipuncture
1 finding from 1 review