Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,079 questions · 2,112 findings · 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision

No studies found 587 · 27.8%GRADE not reported 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%

Combined surgery vs phacoemulsification alone

Mean change in medications Measured by number of bottles · patients with eyes with cataract and glaucoma

Combined surgery showed no clear difference in mean change in medications Measured by number of bottles compared with phacoemulsification alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined surgery vs phacoemulsification alone

Proportion using one or more medications at one year after surgery Number of participants · patients with eyes with cataract and glaucoma

Combined surgery may leads to lower proportion using one or more medications at one year after surgery… compared with phacoemulsification alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined surgery vs phacoemulsification alone

Need for additional surgery: proportion of participants who received additional surgery to control IOP at 1 year · patients with eyes with cataract and glaucoma

Combined surgery showed no clear difference in proportion who received re‐operation to control IOP within one year… compared with phacoemulsification alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined surgery vs phacoemulsification alone

Proportion who received intervention for surgical complications within one year Number of participants · patients with eyes with cataract and glaucoma

Combined surgery showed no clear difference in proportion who received intervention for surgical complications… compared with phacoemulsification alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitrectomy vs observation

Closure of macular hole · participants with idiopathic macular hole

Vitrectomy leads to higher hole closure at 6‐12 months compared with observation (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitrectomy vs observation

Adverse outcomes · participants with idiopathic macular hole

Vitrectomy led to lower adverse outcomes compared with observation; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 vs placebo

Change in visual loss associated with PSR: visual loss is defined by the deterioration of visual acuity of 3 lines or more with the Snellen chart · people with AMD

Omega 3 fatty acids probably leads to higher loss of 3 or more lines of VA at 24 months compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Progression (increase in maximal keratometry of 1.5 dioptres or more) · people with keratoconus

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes progression (increase in maximal keratometry of 1.5 dioptres or more) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Steepness of the cornea (maximal keratometry) (measured using dioptres. A higher dioptre represents steeper cornea and worse outcome) · people with keratoconus
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) (measured using logMAR scale. A score of 0 = good vision, higher score is worse vision) · people with keratoconus
1 finding from 1 review