Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,234 questions · 2,325 findings · 216 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 249 · 10.7%GRADE not reported 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%

Intervention not reported

FEV1 (% predicted) · adults with acute asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating adults with acute asthma in the emergency department 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 523 participants
High

Intervention not reported

PEF (L/min) · adults with acute asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating adults with acute asthma in the emergency department 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1460 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Respiratory rate (breaths/min) · adults with acute asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating adults with acute asthma in the emergency department 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1195 participants
Moderate

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Hospital admissions · children with acute asthma

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) showed no clear difference in hospital admission compared with nebuliser (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.47, 1.08]
9 studies · 757 participants
Low

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Tremor · Adults with acute asthma

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) showed no clear difference in number of participants developing tremor compared with nebuliser (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.66, 1.9]
4 studies · 234 participants
Moderate

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Duration in emergency department (minutes) · children with acute asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 396 participants
Moderate

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Final rise in FEV₁ (% predicted) · children with acute asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 48 participants
Low

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Rise in pulse rate (% baseline) · children with acute asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 670 participants
Moderate

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Tremor · children with acute asthma

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) probably leads to lower number of participants developing tremor compared with nebuliser (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.64 [0.44, 0.95]
4 studies · 254 participants
Moderate

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Hospital admissions · Adults with acute asthma

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) showed no clear difference in hospital admission compared with nebuliser (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.61, 1.43]
9 studies · 582 participants
Moderate

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Duration in emergency department (minutes) · Adults with acute asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 132 participants
Moderate

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Final rise in FEV₁ (% predicted) · Adults with acute asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 307 participants
High

Multiple treatment of beta₂‐agonist via spacer (chamber) vs nebuliser

Rise in pulse rate (% baseline) · Adults with acute asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta‐agonist treatment of acute asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 376 participants
High

Anticholinergic and short‐acting beta2‐agonists vs B2‐agonists alone

Hospital admissions · children with initial treatment of acute asthma

Anticholinergic and short‐acting beta2‐agonists leads to lower primary outcome: hospital admissions hospital admissions compared with beta2‐agonists alone (all protocols) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined inhaled anticholinergics and short‐acting beta₂‐agonists for initial treatment of acute asthma in children 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.63, 0.85]
19 studies · 2497 participants
High

Inactivated influenza vaccine vs placebo

Protection from experiencing an asthma exacerbation of any cause over the influenza season ‐ children (over 6 years of age) given inactivated influenza vaccine · people with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 696 participants
Moderate

Inactivated influenza vaccine vs placebo

Protection from experiencing an influenza‐related asthma exacerbation over the influenza season ‐ children (over 6 years of age) given inactivated influenza vaccine · people with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 696 participants
Moderate

Inactivated influenza vaccine vs placebo

Asthma exacerbation (adverse effects) caused by inactivated influenza vaccine, measured in the first 2 weeks following vaccination ‐ children (over 3 years of age) given inactivated influenza vaccine · people with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 712 participants
Moderate

Inactivated influenza vaccine vs placebo

Protection from experiencing an asthma exacerbation of any cause over the influenza season ‐ adults given inactivated influenza vaccine · people with asthma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Inactivated influenza vaccine vs placebo

Protection from experiencing an influenza‐related asthma exacerbation over the influenza season ‐ adults given inactivated influenza vaccine · people with asthma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Inactivated influenza vaccine vs placebo

Asthma exacerbation (adverse effects) caused by inactivated influenza vaccine, measured in the first 2 weeks following vaccination ‐ adults given inactivated influenza vaccine · people with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Vaccines for preventing influenza in people with asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1526 participants
Moderate