Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,187 questions · 1,248 findings · 108 reviews · Stroke

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No studies found 275 · 22%GRADE not reported 56 · 4.5%Very low 269 · 21.6%Low 349 · 28%Moderate 216 · 17.3%High 83 · 6.7%

Intervention not reported

Test of skew

1 finding from 1 review

Head impulse, nystagmus, and test of skew examination for diagnosing central causes of acute vestibular syndrome 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1313 participants
Moderate

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Death or dependence · acute ischaemic stroke

Antiplatelet drug probably leads to lower death or dependence at end of compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 0.95 [0.91, 0.99]
7 studies · 42034 participants
Moderate

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Death from any cause during · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes death from any cause during compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 0.93 [0.87, 0.98]
10 studies · 41929 participants
Very low

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Pulmonary embolism · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes pulmonary embolism during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 0.71 [0.53, 0.96]
7 studies · 41042 participants
Very low

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Recurrent ischaemic or unknown stroke during treatment period · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes recurrent ischaemic/unknown stroke during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 0.79 [0.7, 0.88]
9 studies · 41652 participants
Very low

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during treatment period · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1.18 [0.97, 1.44]
9 studies · 41652 participants
Very low

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Major extracranial haemorrhage during treatment period · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes major extracranial haemorrhage during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1.69 [1.35, 2.11]
7 studies · 41042 participants
Very low

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Complete recovery from stroke (post hoc) · acute ischaemic stroke

Antiplatelet drug probably leads to higher complete recovery from stroke (post hoc) compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1.06 [1.01, 1.11]
2 studies · 40541 participants
Moderate

Main comparison of patch angioplasty vs primary closure

Stroke · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

It is very uncertain whether main comparison of patch angioplasty changes any stroke (fatal or non‐fatal; contralateral, ipsilateral or… compared with primary closure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patch angioplasty versus primary closure for carotid endarterectomy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.57 [0.31, 1.03]
8 studies · 1769 participants
Very low

Main comparison of patch angioplasty vs primary closure

Perioperative ipsilateral stroke (< 30 days) · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

It is very uncertain whether main comparison of patch angioplasty changes ipsilateral stroke (fatal or non‐fatal; haemorrhage or infarct)… compared with primary closure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patch angioplasty versus primary closure for carotid endarterectomy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.31 [0.15, 0.63]
7 studies · 1201 participants
Very low

Main comparison of patch angioplasty vs primary closure

Occlusion of the operated artery within 30 days of operation · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

Main comparison of patch angioplasty may leads to lower occlusion of the operated artery within 30 days of operation compared with primary closure (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patch angioplasty versus primary closure for carotid endarterectomy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.18 [0.08, 0.41]
7 studies · 1435 participants
Low

Main comparison of patch angioplasty vs primary closure

Long‐term any stroke · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

It is very uncertain whether main comparison of patch angioplasty changes any stroke (fatal or non‐fatal; contralateral, ipsilateral or… compared with primary closure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patch angioplasty versus primary closure for carotid endarterectomy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.49 [0.27, 0.9]
7 studies · 1332 participants
Very low

Main comparison of patch angioplasty vs primary closure

Long‐term ipsilateral stroke · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

It is very uncertain whether main comparison of patch angioplasty changes ipsilateral stroke (fatal or non‐fatal; haemorrhage or infarct)… compared with primary closure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patch angioplasty versus primary closure for carotid endarterectomy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.32 [0.16, 0.63]
6 studies · 1141 participants
Very low

Main comparison of patch angioplasty vs primary closure

Long‐term stroke or death · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

It is very uncertain whether main comparison of patch angioplasty changes any stroke or death during long‐term compared with primary closure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patch angioplasty versus primary closure for carotid endarterectomy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.59 [0.42, 0.84]
6 studies · 1019 participants
Very low

Main comparison of patch angioplasty vs primary closure

Restenosis (> 50%) or occlusion of operated artery during long‐term · patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, whether the initial indication for endarterectomy was symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid…

Main comparison of patch angioplasty may leads to lower restenosis (> 50%) or occlusion of operated artery during long‐term compared with primary closure (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patch angioplasty versus primary closure for carotid endarterectomy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.24 [0.17, 0.34]
8 studies · 1719 participants
Low

Shunting vs no shunting

Death from all causes within 30 days of surgery · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Shunting showed no clear difference in death from all causes within 30 days of surgery compared with no shunting (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.45 [0.13, 1.59]
3 studies · 655 participants
Low

Shunting vs no shunting

Stroke‐related death within 30 days of surgery (best‐case) · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Shunting may leads to lower stroke‐related death within 30 days of surgery (best‐case) compared with no shunting (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.13 [0.02, 0.96]
3 studies · 655 participants
Low

Shunting vs no shunting

Stroke‐related death within 30 days of surgery (worst‐case) · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Shunting showed no clear difference in stroke‐related death within 30 days of surgery (worst‐case) compared with no shunting (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.37 [0.05, 2.62]
3 studies · 655 participants
Low

Shunting vs no shunting

Any stroke during surgery (best‐case) · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Shunting showed no clear difference in any stroke during surgery (best‐case) compared with no shunting (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.42 [0.16, 1.07]
3 studies · 655 participants
Low

Shunting vs no shunting

Any stroke during surgery (worst‐case) · patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid disease

Shunting showed no clear difference in any stroke during surgery (worst‐case) compared with no shunting (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Routine or selective carotid artery shunting for carotid endarterectomy (and different methods of monitoring in… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.32 [0.52, 3.38]
3 studies · 655 participants
Low