Antibiotics on removal of central venous catheter showed no clear difference in central line‐associated blood stream infection compared with no antibiotics (low certainty).
Respiratory support showed no clear difference in mortality ≤2 years after hospital discharge compared with no respiratory support before cord clamping (low certainty).
Respiratory support showed no clear difference in inotropic support for hypotension compared with no respiratory support before cord clamping (low certainty).
Respiratory support showed no clear difference in peak haematocrit compared with no respiratory support before cord clamping (moderate certainty).
Respiratory support showed no clear difference in blood transfusion during neonatal admission compared with no respiratory support before cord clamping (moderate certainty).
Respiratory support showed no clear difference in phototherapy for hyperbilirubinaemia compared with no respiratory support before cord clamping (moderate certainty).
Respiratory support showed no clear difference in intraventricular haemorrhage (of any grade) compared with no respiratory support before cord clamping (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether respiratory support changes severe intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3 or 4 compared with no respiratory support before cord clamping (very low certainty).
Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth showed no clear difference in preterm birth < 37 weeks' gestation compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in any necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in death prior to hospital discharge compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in death or NEC compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in surgery for NEC compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
Probiotics administered exclusively after birth in mothers of… showed no clear difference in neonatal sepsis compared with maternal placebo or no intervention (low certainty).