Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,252 questions · 2,353 findings · 210 reviews · Neonatal

No studies found 432 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%

Intramuscular vitamin K vs intravenous vitamin K

Presence of PIVKA II at day 25 ‐ 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants

Intramuscular vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 25 ‐ 0.2 mg IV versus 0.5 mg IM compared with intravenous vitamin K (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Structural outcome ‐ retinal detachment · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes structural outcome ‐ retinal detachment compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with laser/cryotherapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Structural outcome ‐ retinal detachment · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with… may leads to lower structural outcome ‐ retinal detachment (unit of analysis: eyes) compared with laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with laser/cryotherapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Local adverse effects ‐ perioperative retinal haemorrhages (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with… changes local adverse effects ‐ perioperative retinal haemorrhages (unit of… compared with laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with laser/cryotherapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Recurrence of ROP by 55 weeks' PMA · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with… may leads to lower recurrence of ROP by 55 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Structural outcome ‐ complete retinal detachment (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes structural outcome ‐ complete retinal detachment (unit of analysis:… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Refractive error ‐ very high myopia ‐ at 30 months of age (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy may leads to lower refractive error ‐ very high myopia ‐ at 30 months of age (unit of… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy showed no clear difference in mortality before discharge from primary hospital compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Mortality at 30 months of age · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy showed no clear difference in mortality at 30 months of age compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Local adverse effects ‐ corneal opacity requiring corneal transplant (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes local adverse effects ‐ corneal opacity requiring corneal transplant… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Local adverse effects ‐ lens opacity requiring cataract removal (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes local adverse effects ‐ lens opacity requiring cataract removal… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Recurrence of ROP (up to 6 months of age) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes recurrence of ROP (up to 6 months of age) compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Recurrence of ROP (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes recurrence of ROP (unit of analysis: eyes) compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Mortality, near term corrected age or discharge · preterm infants

Lower showed no clear difference in mortality, near term corrected age or discharge compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm infants

Lower showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental disability compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Intubation in the delivery room · preterm infants

Lower showed no clear difference in intubation in the delivery room compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Severe (defined as stage 3 or greater) retinopathy of prematurity ‐ not reported · preterm infants

Lower showed no clear difference in severe retinopathy of prematurity (≥ stage 3) compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review