Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,923 questions · 1,956 findings · 143 reviews · Musculoskeletal

No studies found 555 · 28.4%GRADE not reported 107 · 5.5%Very low 255 · 13%Low 555 · 28.4%Moderate 357 · 18.3%High 127 · 6.5%

Folic or folinic acid (any) vs placebo

Stomatitis / mouth sores (incidence) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis

Folic or folinic acid (any) showed no clear difference in stomatitis / mouth sores (incidence) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Folic or folinic acid (any) vs placebo

Liver toxicity (incidence of transaminase elevation) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis

Folic or folinic acid (any) probably leads to lower liver toxicity (incidence of transaminase elevation) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Folic or folinic acid (any) vs placebo

Haematological disorders (neutropenia, etc) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis

Folic or folinic acid (any) showed no clear difference in haematological disorders (neutropenia, etc) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Folic acid vs placebo

GI side effects (ie, incidence of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) · Patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis

Folic acid showed no clear difference in GI side effects (ie, incidence of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclophosphamide vs methylprednisolone

Response to treatment (20% improvement)* · patients with neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus

It is very uncertain whether cyclophosphamide changes response to treatment (20% improvement)* compared with methylprednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclophosphamide vs methylprednisolone

Urinary tract infection · patients with neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus

It is very uncertain whether cyclophosphamide changes adverse events ‐ Urinary tract infections compared with methylprednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclophosphamide vs methylprednisolone

Adverse events ‐ Death · patients with neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus

It is very uncertain whether cyclophosphamide changes adverse events ‐ Death compared with methylprednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review