Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Relapse · patients with acute asthma
Intramuscular corticosteroids showed no clear difference in relapse compared with oral corticosteroids (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 0.94 [0.72, 1.24]
9 studies · 804 participants
Low
RR 0.74 [0.51, 1.07]
7 studies · 742 participants
Moderate
RR 0.99 [0.74, 1.33]
5 studies · 556 participants
Low
Adverse events · patients with acute asthma
Intramuscular corticosteroids showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with oral corticosteroids (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Health outcomes Peak expiratory flow readings (higher readings indicate better peak flow) · patients with acute asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Persistence of symptoms · patients with acute asthma
Intramuscular corticosteroids showed no clear difference in symptom persistence compared with oral corticosteroids (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
24‐hour beta agonist use · patients with acute asthma
Intramuscular corticosteroids showed no clear difference in 24‐hour beta agonist use compared with oral corticosteroids (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions · Adults with acute asthma
Combination inhaled therapy probably leads to lower hospitalisation compared with SABA alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Total adverse events · Adults with acute asthma
Combination inhaled therapy probably leads to higher total adverse events compared with SABA alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
FEV1 · Adults with acute asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Percent change FEV₁(%) · Adults with acute asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Health outcomes Peak expiratory flow readings (higher readings indicate better peak flow) · Adults with acute asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Change in PEF · Adults with acute asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Relapse · Adults with acute asthma
Combination inhaled therapy probably leads to lower relapse rates compared with SABA alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Pneumonia, community acquired, at least 1 episode · patients with COPD
The intervention probably leads to lower pneumonia, community acquired, at least 1 episode (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Pneumococcal pneumonia, at least 1 episode · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in pneumococcal pneumonia, at least 1 episode (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Death from cardiorespiratory causes · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in death from cardiorespiratory causes (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Death from all causes · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in death from all causes (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hospital admission: any cause, at least 1 episode · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in hospital admission: any cause, at least 1 episode (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
COPD exacerbation: at least 1 episode · patients with COPD
The intervention probably leads to lower COPD exacerbation: at least 1 episode (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review