Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,494 questions · 1,521 findings · 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary

No studies found 303 · 19.9%GRADE not reported 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus cefotaxime) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus cefotaxime) compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus doxycycline) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus doxycycline) compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Non‐serious adverse events Maximum · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events considered non‐serious · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

All‐cause mortality (penicillin versus a cephalosporin (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone)) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes all‐cause mortality (penicillin versus a cephalosporin (cefotaxime… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

All‐cause mortality (penicillin versus doxycycline) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes all‐cause mortality (penicillin versus doxycycline) compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

All‐cause mortality (a cephalosporin (cefotaxime) versus doxycycline) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes all‐cause mortality (a cephalosporin (cefotaxime) versus doxycycline) compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus cefotaxime) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus doxycycline) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (doxycycline versus cefotaxime) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (doxycycline versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fibrin‐based haemostatic agents vs placebo or no intervention

Perioperative mortality · adults undergoing liver resection for cancer or benign disease

It is very uncertain whether fibrin‐based haemostatic agents changes perioperative mortality Median compared with no intervention or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review