What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention diet vs usual on‐treatment diet

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Protein supplements vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Protein supplements vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Protein supplements vs no intervention

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Protein supplements changes diarrhoea (grade 2+) compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.27, 1.03]
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Protein supplements vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo or control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo or control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce acute and late adverse gastrointestinal effects of pelvic radiotherapy for primary pelvic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  13 studies · 721 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 188 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Home parenteral nutrition for people with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 280 participants
  Very low

Adverse events with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics vs placebo

Mortality with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics showed no clear difference in overall mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Empirical antibiotics targeting gram‐positive bacteria for the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.64, 1.25]
  8 studies · 1242 participants
  Moderate

Treatment failure with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics vs placebo

Treatment failure with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics showed no clear difference in overall failure (disregarding modifications) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Empirical antibiotics targeting gram‐positive bacteria for the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.79, 1.27]
  7 studies · 943 participants
  Low

Treatment failure with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether treatment failure with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics changes failure, modifications included compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Empirical antibiotics targeting gram‐positive bacteria for the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.65, 0.79]
  11 studies · 2169 participants
  Very low

Adverse events with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether adverse events with anti‐gram‐positive antibiotics changes any adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Empirical antibiotics targeting gram‐positive bacteria for the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.74 [1.5, 2.01]
  9 studies · 1936 participants
  Very low

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) vs WBRT

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with WBRT (moderate certainty).

• Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone versus WBRT and radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.82 [0.65, 1.02]
  2 studies · 358 participants
  Moderate

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) vs WBRT

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) showed no clear difference in disease‐specific survival compared with WBRT (moderate certainty).

• Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone versus WBRT and radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.64, 1.32]
  1 study · 286 participants
  Moderate

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) vs WBRT

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) probably leads to lower local tumor control compared with WBRT (moderate certainty).

• Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone versus WBRT and radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.27 [0.14, 0.52]
  2 studies · 129 participants
  Moderate

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) vs WBRT

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) showed no clear difference in functionally independent survival (KPS) compared with WBRT (moderate certainty).

• Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone versus WBRT and radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.61, 1]
  1 study · 145 participants
  Moderate

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) vs WBRT

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) may leads to lower steroid use compared with WBRT (low certainty).

• Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone versus WBRT and radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.42, 0.97]
  1 study · 118 participants
  Low

Heparin prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis

Heparin prophylaxis showed no clear difference in mortality compared with no prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

• Parenteral anticoagulation in ambulatory patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.93, 1.03]
  18 studies · 9575 participants
  Moderate
• Parenteral anticoagulation in ambulatory patients with cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.96, 1.01]
  14 studies · 5229 participants
  Moderate