Totally tubeless PNL showed no clear difference in sepsis or fever MCID: 50 per 1000 compared with standard PNL (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether tubeless PNL changes blood transfusion MCID: 10 per 1000 compared with standard PNL (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether tubeless PNL changes sepsis or fever MCID: 50 per 1000 compared with standard PNL (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether tubeless PNL changes readmission (first 30 days) MCID: 50 per 1000 compared with standard PNL (very low certainty).
Totally tubeless PNL showed no clear difference in severe adverse events MCID: 50 per 1000 compared with standard PNL (low certainty).
Dose‐escalated RT showed no clear difference in time to death from prostate cancer compared with conventional dose RT (moderate certainty).
Dose‐escalated RT probably leads to higher severe RT toxicity (grade ≥ 3) compared with conventional dose RT (moderate certainty).
Dose‐escalated RT showed no clear difference in time to death from any cause compared with conventional dose RT (moderate certainty).
Dose‐escalated RT showed no clear difference in time to distant metastasis compared with conventional dose RT (moderate certainty).
Dose‐escalated RT may leads to higher overall RT toxicity (grade ≥ 1) compared with conventional dose RT (low certainty).
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy may leads to higher stone‐free rate Assumed MCID: 5% compared with retrograde intrarenal surgery (low certainty).
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy showed no clear difference in major complications Assumed MCID: 2% compared with retrograde intrarenal surgery (moderate certainty).
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy may leads to lower need for secondary interventions Assumed MCID: 5% compared with retrograde intrarenal surgery (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.