What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (moderate certainty).

• Screening for prostate cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.96, 1.03]
  4 studies · 294856 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in prostate cancer‐specific mortality (moderate certainty).

• Screening for prostate cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.86, 1.17]
  5 studies · 341342 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to higher prostate cancer diagnosis (low certainty).

• Screening for prostate cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.3 [1.02, 1.65]
  4 studies · 294856 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to higher tumour stage (localised T1‐T2, N0, M0) (low certainty).

• Screening for prostate cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.79 [1.19, 2.7]
  3 studies · 247954 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower tumour stage (advanced T3‐4, N1, M1) (moderate certainty).

• Screening for prostate cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.73, 0.87]
  3 studies · 247954 participants
  Moderate

Psychosocial interventions vs usual care

• Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1414 participants
  Low

Psychosocial interventions vs usual care

• Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1416 participants
  Moderate

Psychosocial interventions vs usual care

• Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  337 participants
  Very low

Psychosocial interventions vs usual care

• Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  506 participants
  Very low

Psychosocial interventions vs usual care

• Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  916 participants
  Very low

Psychosocial interventions vs usual care

• Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  916 participants
  Very low

Psychosocial interventions vs usual care

• Psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  434 participants
  Very low

Levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin

It is very uncertain whether levofloxacin changes microbiological efficacy ‐ pathogen eradication compared with ciprofloxacin (very low certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.18 [0.81, 1.71]
  2 studies · 669 participants
  Very low

Ciprofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

It is very uncertain whether ciprofloxacin changes clinical efficacy ‐ cure or improvement at end of treatment compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (very low certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.75, 1.08]
  3 studies · 851 participants
  Very low
• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.72, 1.2]
  3 studies · 851 participants
  Very low

Ciprofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.95, 1.42]
  3 studies · 967 participants
  Moderate

Levofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

It is very uncertain whether levofloxacin changes microbiological efficacy ‐ pathogen eradication compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (very low certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.84, 1.48]
  3 studies · 758 participants
  Very low

Levofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Levofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Levofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.72, 1.08]
  3 studies · 874 participants
  Moderate

Levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin showed no clear difference in clinical efficacy ‐ cure or improvement at end of treatment compared with ciprofloxacin (low certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.93, 1.46]
  2 studies · 669 participants
  Low
• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.86, 1.55]
  2 studies · 669 participants
  Very low

Levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with ciprofloxacin (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.7, 1.06]
  2 studies · 785 participants
  Moderate