Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,060 questions · 1,105 findings · 84 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders

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No studies found 434 · 39.3%GRADE not reported 32 · 2.9%Very low 246 · 22.3%Low 237 · 21.4%Moderate 132 · 11.9%High 24 · 2.2%

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Cancer occurrence · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in cancer occurrence compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.94, 1.06]
18 studies · 50623 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Cancer occurrence in trials using vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in cancer occurrence in trials using vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.94, 1.06]
14 studies · 49891 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D may leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.88, 0.98]
15 studies · 49866 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D may leads to lower cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D₃(cholecalciferol) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.78, 0.98]
4 studies · 44492 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events ‐ Nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D3 combined with calcium · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D may leads to higher adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [1.03, 1.34]
3 studies · 42753 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Health‐related quality of life · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Health economics · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( · adults

The intervention probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.91, 0.98]
38 studies · 75927 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Cardiovascular mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( · adults

The intervention showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality in trials using vitamin D3… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.9, 1.07]
10 studies · 47267 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( · adults

The intervention probably leads to lower cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.78, 0.98]
4 studies · 44492 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D3 combined with calcium ( · adults

The intervention probably leads to higher adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D3 combined… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [1.02, 1.34]
4 studies · 42876 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: hypercalcaemia in trials using the active forms of vitamin D (alfacalcidol and calcitriol) ( · adults

The intervention may leads to higher adverse events: hypercalcaemia in trials using the active forms of… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.18 [1.17, 8.68]
3 studies · 710 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life ( · adults

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 105 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Health economics ( · adults

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3270 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Weight loss [kg] a) · adults with overweight and obesity

1 finding from 1 review

Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 2971 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Health‐related quality of life · adults with overweight and obesity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse events · adults with overweight and obesity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Physical activity, self‐reported exercise [minutes per week] · adults with overweight and obesity

1 finding from 1 review

Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 665 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Dietary habits a) Diet with <30% fat [%] · adults with overweight and obesity

1 finding from 1 review

Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 665 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Costs · adults with overweight and obesity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found