A-Nasion perpendicular (A-NPerp) · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) led to higher A-Nasion perpendicular (A-NPerp) compared with facemask with alternating rapid maxillary expansion and constriction…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
White spot lesions assessed by laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
Opal Seal had fewer DIAGNOdent-measured lesions, with certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
Opal Seal group showed fewer WSLs compared to the Transbond group, with initial demineralization rates of 1.3% and 3.9%, and caries lesion rates of 0.2% and 1.3%, respectively (p <0.03).
1 study · 56 participants
GRADE not reported
ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) showed no clear difference in ANB compared with tongue appliance; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Photographic white spot lesion score · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
Opal Seal showed no difference in photographic WSL severity, with certainty not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) showed no clear difference in ANB compared with modified tandem appliance; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
New white spot lesion incidence (and first-time bracket bond failure) · Patients undergoing fixed orthodontic (fixed appliance) treatment (adolescents and adults, ages 12 to 35)
A single multicenter RCT found resin-modified glass-ionomer cement did not reduce new white spot lesions or bond failures versus conventional composite (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Root resorption · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)
It is very uncertain whether superelastic NiTi arch wire changes root resorption (reduction in root length) compared with thermoelastic NiTi arch wire (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Enamel demineralization (DIAGNOdent score) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)
nCaF2 primer favored lower demineralization scores, but certainty was not graded.
1 finding from 1 review
Statistically significant scores in favor of the nCaF2 primer at T1, T3, and T6 (p-value = 0.000).
1 study · 31 participants
GRADE not reported
Enamel remineralization / anti-demineralization extent · Human teeth with early enamel lesions surrounding orthodontic brackets
No meta-analysis was conducted; most included in vitro studies reported significant remineralization with remineralizing orthodontic adhesives versus controls.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
24 studies
GRADE not reported
Perceived need for surgery in adulthood · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Overjet · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)
Orthodontic removable traction appliance (ORTA) led to higher overjet compared with untreated control (no treatment); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Time to next/working arch wire · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)
Superelastic NiTi arch wire showed no clear difference in time to next/working arch wire compared with thermoelastic NiTi arch wire; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Time to alignment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)
Non-surgical orthodontic treatment (any: facemask, chin cup, tandem… led to higher wits appraisal compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)
Facemask with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) showed no clear difference in wits appraisal compared with pushing Splints; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Pain · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)
1 finding from 1 review
Different sizes of NiTi wires (Alhaija 2021; Erdinc 2004); not pooled due to clinical heterogeneity; little or no difference at day 1. Erdinc 0.014 vs 0.016 inch higher pain at day 4 MD 5.00 (0.19 to 9.81) and day 6 MD…
2 studies · 149 participants
Low
Alignment rate · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)
It is very uncertain whether thermoelastic copper NiTi (CuNiTi) arch wire changes alignment rate compared with conventional NiTi arch wire (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
ANB · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)
Facemask probably leads to higher ANB compared with untreated control (no treatment) (moderate certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
MD 1.40 [0.43, 2.37]
1 study · 63 participants
Moderate
MD 0.70 [-0.74, 2.14]
1 study · 65 participants
Low
MD 3.60 [2.68, 4.52]
5 studies · 197 participants
GRADE not reported
Adverse effects · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)
1 finding from 1 review
Galeotti 2021: occasional skin irritation on the chin and three appliance breakages (one facemask, two Pushing Splints).
1 study · 42 participants
GRADE not reported
Wits appraisal · Children and adolescents (aged 16 years or younger) with prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion)
Facemask (RME) or modified facemask showed no clear difference in wits appraisal compared with surgically-anchored appliance (miniscrews or miniplates); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review