Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

715 questions · 767 findings · 53 reviews · Back and Neck

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No studies found 149 · 19.4%GRADE not reported 41 · 5.3%Very low 168 · 21.9%Low 226 · 29.5%Moderate 156 · 20.3%High 27 · 3.5%

Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions

Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
GRADE not reported

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Reduction in pain intensity · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 606 participants
Moderate

Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMT

Reduction in pain intensity · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 74 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMT

Functional status at one month Oswestry Disability Index. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 100 (worse function) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMT

Recovery at one month · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMT

Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · Patients with acute low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 241 participants
Low
Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 681 participants
Moderate

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Recovery at one month · Patients with acute low‐back pain

Spinal manipulative therapy showed no clear difference in recovery at one month compared with other interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.94, 1.21]
2 studies · 117 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
GRADE not reported

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Pain at 3 to 6 months Scale from: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 102 participants
Low
Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 104 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Functional status at one week Oswestry Disability Index. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 100 (worse function). · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 225 participants
Low

Arthroplasty vs fusion

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease

2 findings from 1 review

Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1310 participants
Low
Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1309 participants
Moderate

Arthroplasty vs fusion

Neck‐related functional status at 1 to 2 years NDI · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease

1 finding from 1 review

Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1505 participants
Moderate

Arthroplasty vs fusion

Patient satisfaction at 1 to 2 years · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease

It is very uncertain whether arthroplasty changes patient satisfaction at 1 to 2 years compared with fusion (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [1, 1.12]
2 studies · 498 participants
Very low

Arthroplasty vs fusion

Neurological status · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease

Arthroplasty probably leads to higher neurological status at 1 to 2 years Percentage of participants with… compared with fusion (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [1.01, 1.09]
3 studies · 1147 participants
Moderate

Arthroplasty vs fusion

Global health status at 1 to 2 years SF36‐PCS · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease

1 finding from 1 review

Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 950 participants
Moderate

Arthroplasty vs fusion

Global health status at 1 to 2 years SF36‐MCS · patients with single‐level cervical degenerative disc disease

1 finding from 1 review

Arthroplasty versus fusion in single-level cervical degenerative disc disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 950 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions

Pain VAS 0‐100 (higher means worse) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 72 participants
Very low
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 70 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMT

Functional ability · patients with chronic LBP

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 51 participants
Very low
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 55 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

3 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1405 participants
High
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1074 participants
Moderate
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1285 participants
High