Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

715 questions · 767 findings · 53 reviews · Back and Neck

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No studies found 149 · 19.4%GRADE not reported 41 · 5.3%Very low 168 · 21.9%Low 226 · 29.5%Moderate 156 · 20.3%High 27 · 3.5%

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity: short‐term · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for mechanical neck disorders 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 108 participants
Low

ADVICE ‐ focus on activation vs no treatment

video vs no treatment: at 1 session + 2 weeks · patients with neck pain with or without radiculopathy

ADVICE ‐ focus on activation showed no clear difference in video vs no treatment: at 1 session + 2 weeks compared with NO TREATMENT (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Patient education for neck pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.95, 1.09]
1 study · 405 participants
Moderate
Patient education for neck pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.59, 1.06]
1 study · 348 participants
Moderate
Patient education for neck pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.65, 1.21]
1 study · 332 participants
Moderate

Disc arthroplasty vs fusion

Back pain · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 676 participants
Low

Disc arthroplasty vs fusion

Adverse effects · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Disc arthroplasty vs fusion

Patient satisfaction Questionnaire · adults with chronic low‐back pain

Disc arthroplasty probably leads to higher patient satisfaction Questionnaire compared with fusion (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.93 [1.36, 2.76]
4 studies · 958 participants
Moderate

Disc arthroplasty vs fusion

Improvement in function Oswestry score. Scale from: ‐100 to 100. · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1207 participants
Moderate

Disc arthroplasty vs fusion

Percentage of patients improved on function Oswestry score · adults with chronic low‐back pain

Disc arthroplasty may leads to higher percentage of patients improved on function Oswestry score compared with fusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.45 [1.06, 1.98]
5 studies · 1244 participants
Low

Disc arthroplasty vs fusion

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · adults with chronic low‐back pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Disc arthroplasty vs fusion

Physical and mental health SF‐36, SF‐12 · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 863 participants
Very low

Disc arthroplasty vs fusion

Economic status Euro‐QoL; EQ‐5D · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 152 participants
Very low

Disc arthroplasty vs fusion

Daily activity · adults with chronic low‐back pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Disc arthroplasty vs fusion

Return to work · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Total disc replacement for chronic back pain in the presence of disc degeneration 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1188 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Overall Pain ‐ 1 to 2 weeks (adequate allocation concealment, and blinding) visual analogue scale; 1 to 9 points (higher indicates worse pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 383 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Functional status at 3 to 6 months Oswestry Disability Index. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 100 (worse function) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 225 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Recovery at one week · Patients with acute low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention changes recovery at one week compared with the intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.32, 2.47]
2 studies · 196 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Recovery at 3 to 6 months · Patients with acute low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention changes recovery at 3 to 6 months compared with the intervention alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.51, 1.1]
2 studies · 195 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
GRADE not reported

Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions

Pain at 3 to 6 months Scale from: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 311 participants
Low
Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 178 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · Patients with acute low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 205 participants
Moderate
Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 178 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions

Recovery at one week · Patients with acute low‐back pain

Spinal manipulative therapy showed no clear difference in recovery at one week compared with inert interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.5, 1.85]
2 studies · 263 participants
Low