Findings

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671 questions · 731 findings · 61 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol

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No studies found 57 · 7.8%GRADE not reported 39 · 5.3%Very low 186 · 25.4%Low 239 · 32.7%Moderate 171 · 23.4%High 39 · 5.3%

Intervention not reported

Low birth weight (< 2500 g) (Any psychosocial intervention vs. control)

The intervention showed no clear difference in low birth weight (< 2500 g) (Any psychosocial intervention vs.… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.36, 1.43]
1 study · 160 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Days hospitalized after delivery (Any psychosocial intervention vs. control)

The intervention showed no clear difference in days hospitalized after delivery (Any psychosocial intervention vs.… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 103 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Retention at treatment completion (Any psychosocial intervention vs. control)

The intervention showed no clear difference in retention at treatment completion (Any psychosocial intervention vs.… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.93, 1.06]
9 studies · 743 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Short term treatment retention (Any psychosocial intervention vs. control)

The intervention showed no clear difference in short term treatment retention (Any psychosocial intervention vs.… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.9, 1.1]
6 studies · 514 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Positive urine at delivery (Any psychosocial intervention vs. control)

The intervention showed no clear difference in positive urine at delivery (Any psychosocial intervention vs. control) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [0.52, 2.65]
2 studies · 217 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Positive urine drug test (end of treatment) (Any psychosocial intervention vs. control)

The intervention showed no clear difference in positive urine drug test (end of treatment) (Any psychosocial… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [0.75, 1.73]
3 studies · 367 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Retention at treatment completion (CM vs. control)

The intervention showed no clear difference in retention at treatment completion (CM vs. control) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.92, 1.16]
6 studies · 388 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Retention at treatment completion (MIB interventions vs. control)

The intervention showed no clear difference in retention at treatment completion (MIB interventions vs. control) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.89, 1.06]
3 studies · 355 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Alcohol‐related problems: 4+ months—web/computer normative feedback · university or college students

The intervention showed no clear difference in alcohol‐related problems: 4+ months—web/computer normative feedback (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Social norms information for alcohol misuse in university and college students 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 11767 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Alcohol‐related problems: 4+ months—individual face‐to‐face normative feedback · university or college students

The intervention showed no clear difference in alcohol‐related problems: 4+ months—individual face‐to‐face… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Social norms information for alcohol misuse in university and college students 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 2327 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Binge drinking: 4+ months (all delivery modes) · university or college students

The intervention showed no clear difference in binge drinking: 4+ months (all delivery modes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Social norms information for alcohol misuse in university and college students 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 11292 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Quantity of drinking: 4+ months (all delivery modes) · university or college students

The intervention showed no clear difference in quantity of drinking: 4+ months (all delivery modes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Social norms information for alcohol misuse in university and college students 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
32 studies · 21169 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Frequency: 4+ months—web/computer normative feedback · university or college students

The intervention showed no clear difference in frequency: 4+ months—web/computer normative feedback (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Social norms information for alcohol misuse in university and college students 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 9929 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Frequency: 4+ months—individual face‐to‐face normative feedback · university or college students

The intervention showed no clear difference in frequency: 4+ months—individual face‐to‐face normative feedback (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Social norms information for alcohol misuse in university and college students 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1464 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Frequency: 4+ months—group face‐to‐face normative feedback · university or college students

The intervention showed no clear difference in frequency: 4+ months—group face‐to‐face normative feedback (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Social norms information for alcohol misuse in university and college students 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 449 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Peak BAC: 4+ months (all delivery modes) · university or college students

The intervention showed no clear difference in peak BAC: 4+ months (all delivery modes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Social norms information for alcohol misuse in university and college students 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 7198 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Typical BAC: 4+ months—individual face‐to‐face normative feedback · university or college students

The intervention showed no clear difference in typical BAC: 4+ months—individual face‐to‐face normative feedback (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Social norms information for alcohol misuse in university and college students 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 490 participants
Moderate

Anticonvulsant vs placebo

Dropout · patients with cocaine dependence

Any anticonvulsant showed no clear difference in dropout Number of participants who did not complete the treatment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsants for cocaine dependence 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.86, 1.05]
17 studies · 1695 participants
Moderate

Number of participants using cocaine during the treatment (as days/week by urine tests or self report) Number of participants that reported the use of cocaine during the treatment · patients with cocaine dependence

Any anticonvulsant showed no clear difference in use of cocaine (self reported or objective) Number of participants… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsants for cocaine dependence 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.84, 1.02]
9 studies · 867 participants
Moderate

Anticonvulsant vs placebo

Participants with at least some Side Effects · patients with cocaine dependence

Any anticonvulsant may leads to higher side effect Number of participants reporting at least 1 side effect… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsants for cocaine dependence 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.39 [1.01, 1.9]
8 studies · 775 participants
Low