Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,535 questions · 3,601 findings · 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 726 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%

Low‐cavity forceps vs any vacuum cup

Failed delivery with allocated instrument (primary) · Women in the second stage of labour, requiring an assisted vaginal birth

It is very uncertain whether low‐cavity forceps changes failed delivery with allocated instrument (primary) compared with any vacuum cup (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐cavity forceps vs any vacuum cup

Any maternal trauma (primary) · Women in the second stage of labour, requiring an assisted vaginal birth

It is very uncertain whether low‐cavity forceps changes any maternal trauma (primary) compared with any vacuum cup (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone vs usual care

Respiratory distress syndrome · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy

Effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) showed no clear difference in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone vs usual care

Transient tachypnoea of the neonate (TTN) · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy

Effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) showed no clear difference in transient tachypnoea of the neonate (TTN) compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone vs usual care

Admission to neonatal special care (all levels) for respiratory morbidity · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy

Effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) probably leads to lower admission to neonatal special care (all levels) for respiratory… compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Betamethasone vs usual care

Need for mechanical ventilation · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) changes need for mechanical ventilation compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

5‐HT3 antagonists vs placebo

Nausea · women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section

5‐HT3 antagonists may leads to lower nausea ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo

Nausea · women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section

Corticosteroids probably leads to lower nausea ‐ postoperative compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Antihistamines vs placebo

Nausea · preventing nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether antihistamines changes nausea ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Anticholinergic medication vs placebo

Nausea · women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section

Anticholinergics may leads to lower nausea ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review