Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,252 questions · 2,353 findings · 210 reviews · Neonatal

Sort:Best matchNewestHighest certainty Download CSV

No studies found 432 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

6a. Side effects causing cessation of therapy – doxapram compared to no treatment for the prevention of reintubation · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

side‐effects ‐ side‐effects causing abandon · prevention of reintubation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 6.42 [0.8, 51.26]
2 studies · 85 participants
Very low

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

Positive‐pressure ventilation after institution of treatment · treatment of apnea

It is very uncertain whether doxapram changes 2a. Need for positive pressure ventilation after initiation of… compared with no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline,… (very low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.31 [0.01, 6.74]
1 study · 21 participants
Very low
Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.4 [0.11, 51.32]
2 studies · 37 participants
Very low
Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Doxapram vs no treatment, placebo, methylxanthine (including theophylline, aminophylline, or caffeine), or

Chronic lung disease · treatment of apnea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Doxapram for the prevention and treatment of apnea in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose, with or without NNS) vs placebo or control

Pain (PIPP) · neonates

3 findings from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 547 participants
Moderate
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 227 participants
Low
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 164 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) + NNS vs NNS (with or without water)

PIPP ‐ Preterm infants · neonates

2 findings from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 44 participants
Very low
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 44 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) + NNS vs NNS (with or without water)

NFCS during heel lancing (term infants)Scale from: 0 to 9f,g · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs glucose

PIPP ‐ Preterm infants · neonates

2 findings from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Low
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs breastfeeding

Pain (PIPP) · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 148 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs breastfeeding

COMFORTneo scores after heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 6 to 30e · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 47 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs expressed breast milk

PIPP‐R scores during heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 0 to 21a,b · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs expressed breast milk

PIPP‐R scores at 30 seconds after heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 0 to 21 · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs expressed breast milk

PIPP‐R scores at 60 seconds after heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 0 to 21 · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs expressed breast milk

DAN scores at 30 seconds after heel lancing (term infants)Scale from: 0 to 10 · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 35 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs laser acupuncture

NIPS scores during heel lancing (term infants)Scale from: 0 to 7a,b · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs facilitated tucking

BPSN scores during heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 0 to 27a,b · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs facilitated tucking

BPSN scores during recovery after heel lancing (preterm infants)Scale from: 0 to 27a,e · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs skin to skin care + water

PIPP ‐ Preterm infants · neonates

5 findings from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 151 participants
Low
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 111 participants
Low
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 154 participants
Low

Show 2 more findings

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 143 participants
Low
Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 111 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs skin to skin care + water

Pain (PIPP) · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 144 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose, with or without NNS) vs placebo or control

PIPP ‐ Preterm infants · neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 192 participants
Low