Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

767 questions · 780 findings · 55 reviews · Public Health

No studies found 162 · 20.8%GRADE not reported 52 · 6.7%Very low 231 · 29.6%Low 191 · 24.5%Moderate 122 · 15.6%High 22 · 2.8%

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added)

Vitamin A deficiency · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… showed no clear difference in vitamin A deficiency (as defined by the study authors) compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added)

Any adverse effects (hookworm infection risk) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… may leads to higher any adverse effects (hookworm infection risk) compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other micronutrients vs unfortified rice (no micronutrients added)

Diarrhoea · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age

It is very uncertain whether rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… changes diarrhoea (as defined by study authors) compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients vs no intervention

Subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 0.70 μmol/L or less) · general population over 2 years of age

It is very uncertain whether staple food fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients changes subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 0.70 μmol/L… compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Staple foods fortified with vitamin A vs same unfortified staple foods

Subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 70 μmol/L or less) · general population over 2 years of age

It is very uncertain whether staple foods fortified with vitamin A changes subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 70 μmol/L or… compared with same unfortified staple foods (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Staple foods fortified with vitamin A vs same unfortified staple foods

Clinical vitamin A deficiency (as defined by night blindness) · general population over 2 years of age

It is very uncertain whether staple foods fortified with vitamin A changes clinical vitamin A deficiency (defined as night blindness) compared with same unfortified staple foods (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review