Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

729 questions · 775 findings · 58 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

No studies found 166 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 24 · 3.1%Very low 356 · 45.9%Low 162 · 20.9%Moderate 47 · 6.1%High 20 · 2.6%

Surgical vs conservative interventions

Total of participants with adverse event outcomel · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures

It is very uncertain whether surgical changes total of participants with adverse event outcomel compared with conservative interventions (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: exercise (all types) leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: balance and functional exercises may leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more fall‐related fractures. compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: resistance exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: resistance exercises changes rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: resistance exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: resistance exercises changes number of people who experienced 1 or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: resistance exercises vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: resistance exercises changes number of people who experienced 1 or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise may leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐year) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (Tai Chi) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

Summary of findings: exercise (all types) leads to lower number of people who experienced one or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (dance) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: 3D (dance) exercise changes rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (dance) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people who experienced one or more falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: 3D (dance) exercise changes number of people who experienced one or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: 3D (dance) exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: walking programme (general physical activity) vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Falls · Older people living in the community (trials focusing on people recently discharged from hospital were not included)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: walking programme (general physical activity) changes rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual activities) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review