Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,317 questions · 75,239 findings · 5,342 reviews

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No studies found 15,213 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%

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Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% vs Normal saline

Pulmonary exacerbations · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (stable lung disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 607 participants
Very low

Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% vs Normal saline

Adverse events · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (stable lung disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 513 participants
Low

Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% vs Normal saline

FEV1 % predicted: relative change from baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 130 participants
Low

Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% vs Normal saline

FEV1 · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Phenobarbital vs control

IVH any grade (Papile classification) during hospitalisation · preterm infants with or at risk of IVH

Phenobarbital showed no clear difference in IVH any grade (Papile classification) during hospitalisation compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.84, 1.19]
10 studies · 792 participants
Low

Phenobarbital vs control

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · preterm infants with or at risk of IVH

Phenobarbital showed no clear difference in severe IVH (Papile classification) during hospitalisation compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.64, 1.21]
10 studies · 792 participants
Low

Phenobarbital vs control

Ventricular dilation or hydrocephalus during hospitalisation · preterm infants with or at risk of IVH

It is very uncertain whether phenobarbital changes ventricular dilation or hydrocephalus during hospitalisation compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.62 [0.31, 1.26]
4 studies · 271 participants
Very low

Phenobarbital vs control

Mild neurodevelopmental impairment at 27 months of age · preterm infants with or at risk of IVH

It is very uncertain whether phenobarbital changes mild neurodevelopmental impairment at 27 months of age compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.15, 2.17]
1 study · 101 participants
Very low

Phenobarbital vs control

Severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 9 to 27 months of age · preterm infants with or at risk of IVH

It is very uncertain whether phenobarbital changes severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 9 to 27 months of age compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.44, 2.82]
2 studies · 153 participants
Very low

Phenobarbital vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants with or at risk of IVH

Phenobarbital showed no clear difference in death before discharge compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.64, 1.21]
9 studies · 740 participants
Low

Phenobarbital vs control

All deaths during the study · preterm infants with or at risk of IVH

Phenobarbital showed no clear difference in all deaths during the study compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.72, 1.33]
10 studies · 792 participants
Low

Cell salvage vs no cell salvage

Transfusions (during hospital stay) ‐ not reported · cancer surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cell salvage vs no cell salvage

Mortality (up to 90 days) · cardiovascular (vascular) surgeries

1 finding from 1 review

Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
1.19 [0.39, 3.65]
6 studies · 384 participants
Very low

Cell salvage vs no cell salvage

Deep vein thrombosis · cardiovascular (vascular) surgeries

It is very uncertain whether cell salvage changes DVT (up to 90 days) compared with no cell salvage (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RD 0
1 study · 100 participants
Very low

Cell salvage vs no cell salvage

Infection (up to 90 days) · cardiovascular (vascular) surgeries

It is very uncertain whether cell salvage changes infection (up to 90 days) compared with no cell salvage (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.23 [0.03, 1.98]
2 studies · 117 participants
Very low

Cell salvage vs no cell salvage

MI (up to 90 days) · cardiovascular (vascular) surgeries

1 finding from 1 review

Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
0.76 [0.17, 3.41]
3 studies · 203 participants
Very low

Cell salvage vs no cell salvage

Stroke · cardiovascular (vascular) surgeries

1 finding from 1 review

Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
0.14 [0, 6.82]
1 study · 100 participants
Very low

Cell salvage vs no cell salvage

Blood transfusion · cardiovascular (no bypass) surgeries

Cell salvage probably leads to lower transfusions (during hospital stay) compared with no cell salvage (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.69, 0.97]
3 studies · 169 participants
Moderate

Cell salvage vs no cell salvage

Volume of transfusion (units) (PPT) (during hospital stay) · cardiovascular (no bypass) surgeries

1 finding from 1 review

Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 56 participants
Low

Cell salvage vs no cell salvage

Mortality (up to 90 days) · cardiovascular (no bypass) surgeries

1 finding from 1 review

Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
0.13 [0.01, 2.07]
4 studies · 209 participants
Very low