Failed CPAP · preterm infants with apnea
It is very uncertain whether variable flow changes failed CPAP (defined as need for mechanical ventilation) compared with ventilator CPAP (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mean apnoea events (apnoea > 20 seconds with or without bradycardia or desaturation) Mean per 4‐hour interval · preterm infants with apnea
1 finding from 1 review
Neurodevelopmental outcomes · preterm infants with apnea
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Failed CPAP · preterm infants with apnea
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Mean apnoea events · preterm infants with apnea
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Underweight · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
1 finding from 1 review
Wasting · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
1 finding from 1 review
Overweight · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Obesity · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
All‐cause mortality · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
Standard‐protein formula showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with low‐protein formula (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Stunting · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
1 finding from 1 review
Wasting · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
1 finding from 1 review
Overweight · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
It is very uncertain whether high‐protein formula changes overweight compared with standard‐protein formula (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Obesity · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
It is very uncertain whether high‐protein formula changes obesity compared with standard‐protein formula (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
High‐protein formula showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with standard‐protein formula (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Underweight · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
1 finding from 1 review
Stunting · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
1 finding from 1 review
Death or major neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months · preterm infants at risk of or with apnea; preterm infants undergoing extubation
Methylxanthine probably leads to lower death or major neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review