Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,860 questions · 64,864 findings · 4,913 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 13,869 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 3,491 · 5.4%Very low 16,300 · 25.1%Low 17,338 · 26.7%Moderate 10,900 · 16.8%High 2,966 · 4.6%

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PUFA vs placebo

ADHD symptoms – inattention, parent‐rated – medium term · Children and adolescents with ADHD

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 960 participants
High

PUFA vs placebo

ADHD symptoms – hyperactivity/impulsivity, parent‐rated – medium term · Children and adolescents with ADHD

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 869 participants
High

PUFA vs placebo

Side effects – overall · Children and adolescents with ADHD

Summary of findings table ‐ PUFA showed no clear difference in side effects – overall compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.69, 1.52]
8 studies · 591 participants
Moderate

PUFA vs placebo

Loss to · Children and adolescents with ADHD

Summary of findings table ‐ PUFA showed no clear difference in loss to compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.77, 1.37]
13 studies · 1121 participants
Moderate

Motivational interviewing vs no intervention

Extent of substance use at short‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

2 findings from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 471 participants
Low
Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
19 studies · 3351 participants
Very low

Motivational interviewing vs treatment

Extent of substance use at long‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1449 participants
Low

Motivational interviewing vs treatment

Readiness to change (0‐ to 3‐month · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 150 participants
Very low

Motivational interviewing vs treatment

Retention in treatment · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1295 participants
Very low

Motivational interviewing vs assessment and feedback

Extent of substance use at short‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 854 participants
Low

Motivational interviewing vs assessment and feedback

Extent of substance use at medium‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 688 participants
Moderate

Motivational interviewing vs assessment and feedback

Extent of substance use at long‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 448 participants
Moderate

Motivational interviewing vs assessment and feedback

Readiness for change · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Motivational interviewing vs assessment and feedback

Retention in treatment · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Motivational interviewing vs other active intervention

Extent of substance use at short‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

2 findings from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 338 participants
Low
Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
18 studies · 2795 participants
Low

Motivational interviewing vs other active intervention

Extent of substance use at medium‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 2352 participants
Low

Motivational interviewing vs other active intervention

Extent of substance use at long‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1908 participants
Low

Motivational interviewing vs other active intervention

Readiness to change (0‐ to 3‐month · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 988 participants
Low

Motivational interviewing vs other active intervention

Retention in treatment · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 1945 participants
Moderate

Motivational interviewing vs no intervention

Extent of substance use at medium‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 3137 participants
Low

Motivational interviewing vs no intervention

Extent of substance use at long‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents)

1 finding from 1 review

Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 1525 participants
Very low