Amount of crowding · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
It is very uncertain whether vibrational appliance with fixed appliances changes amount of crowding (change in mandibular crowding) at 10 to 30 weeks compared with fixed appliances only / no vibrational appliance (control) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment
A single study reported a lower full-mouth plaque score with aligners versus fixed appliances in adolescents at 12 months (MD -43.48, 95% CI -47.65 to -39.31; ungraded).
3 findings from 1 review
MD -43.48 [-47.65, -39.31]
1 study
GRADE not reported
MD -0.40 [-0.77, -0.03]
1 study
GRADE not reported
MD -14.78 [-16.74, -12.82]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Crossbite correction · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
Bone-borne expansion showed no clear difference in crossbite correction compared with fixed tooth-borne expansion (Hyrax) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gingival index (GI) · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment
A single study reported lower gingival index with aligners versus fixed appliances in adolescents at 18 months (MD -0.57, 95% CI -0.93 to -0.21; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
MD -0.57 [-0.93, -0.21]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)
Glass ionomer cement did not show a statistically significant difference in new white spot lesions versus resin adhesive (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
S. mutans presence (CFU > 10^5) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
Aligners probably lower the risk of high S. mutans counts versus fixed appliances in adults at 3 months (RR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.49; low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Incidence of successfully erupted PDC that were favourably positioned · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)
Double primary (canine and first molar) tooth extraction showed no clear difference in incidence of successfully erupted PDC that were favourably positioned compared with single primary (canine) tooth extraction; GRADE not reported.
3 findings from 1 review
RR 1.64 [0.33, 8.03]
1 study · 23 participants
GRADE not reported
RR 1.09 [0.08, 15.42]
1 study · 23 participants
GRADE not reported
RR 1.64 [0.33, 8.03]
1 study · 23 participants
GRADE not reported
Lower incisors to mandible (position, mm) at 9 months · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
Lower lip bumper led to higher lower incisors to mandible at 6 months compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Canine expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
1 finding from 1 review
Amount of crowding (change in mandibular crowding) at 8 weeks · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
It is very uncertain whether nickel-titanium archwire changes amount of crowding (change in mandibular crowding) at 8 weeks compared with stainless steel archwire (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Size of the jaws (maxillary and mandibular arch length) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
Cervical pull headgear led to higher size of the jaws (maxillary and mandibular arch length) compared with minor interceptive procedures (control); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Size of the lower jaw (arch length) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
Lower lip bumper led to higher size of the lower jaw (mandibular arch length) at 6 months compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient/dentist satisfaction · Patients with dental fluorosis
Patient/dentist satisfaction did not differ between bleaching-then-infiltration and infiltration alone (SMD -1.53, 95% CI -4.75 to 1.70; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -1.53 [-4.75, 1.70]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Any other adverse effects of the interventions, such as gingival disease and demineralisation · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Molar expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
Fixed tooth-borne Hyrax expander showed no clear difference in molar expansion compared with bonded expander plate (acrylic); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Gingival index (GI) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
A single study found no significant difference in gingival index between aligners and fixed appliances in adults at 6-12 weeks (MD -0.10, 95% CI -0.35 to 0.15; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
MD -0.10 [-0.35, 0.15]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Molar expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
Fixed bonded acrylic splint expander showed no clear difference in molar expansion (maxillary intermolar width) compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
MD 6.265
1 study
GRADE not reported
Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · Patients of any age (11-40 years) receiving comprehensive/fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances
There is no clear difference in WSL initiation between glass ionomer cement and resin adhesive for bracket bonding (RR 0.72, not significant); certainty of evidence is very low.
1 finding from 1 review
Harms (pain) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth
1 finding from 1 review
No difference in overall pain, but more pain with nickel-titanium at 12 hours and day 1 (morning, afternoon, bedtime) vs multistranded stainless steel (Sandhu 2013). Narrative; no pooled estimate.
1 study
GRADE not reported
Canine expansion · Children and adults with a posterior crossbite, without a Class III skeletal relationship, cleft lip or palate (or both), or other…
1 finding from 1 review